Wordlist 10 Comissioning + Operation

государственный/национальный регулирующий орган

Sate/National regulatory body, RB, regulator : A government authority that issues licenses and oversees nuclear safety compliance.

проектировать АЭС

To design an NPP : To develop plans and specifications for a nuclear power plant.

инженеры-проектировщики

Design engineers : Engineers who develop the design and technical specifications for a nuclear facility.

капиталоемкая отрасль

Capital-intensive industry : An industry requiring large investments of money.

капитальные затраты

Capital costs : Costs of site development, plant construction and equipment.

перерасход средств/бюджета

Cost/budget overruns : The amount by which actual expenditures exceed planned costs.

земляные работы

Earthworks : Excavation and embankment operations at a construction site.

минимизировать земляные работы

To minimize earthworks : To reduce excavation and fill operations as much as possible.

площадка АЭС

NPP site : An area of land that houses a reactor and other NPP facilities.

выбор площадки / размещение / размещать АЭС

Site selection / siting / to site an NPP : The process of choosing a suitable location for an NPP.

потенциальные строительные площадки

Candidate sites : Potential locations considered for an NPP.

оценка площадки

Site evaluation : Analysis of site factors affecting safety and feasibility.

критерии исключения

Exclusion criteria : Requirements that would disqualify a site from consideration.

геологическое изучение площадки

Geological survey of the site : Investigation of ground composition and structure.

изучать физические характеристики породы

To study the physical characteristics of the rock : To examine rock properties for foundation stability.

активные разломы

Active faults : Geological faults with potential seismic activity.

неустойчивый и мягкий грунт

Unstable and soft ground : Ground conditions unsuitable for heavy structures.

тип грунта

Soil type : The classification and properties of soil at the site.

подповерхностные условия

Sub-surface conditions : Underground geological conditions such as caverns and mining voids.

карстовые пустоты

Karst voids : Underground cavities formed by water dissolving limestone.

просадки грунта из-за подземных горных выработок

Soil collapses due to underground mining : Ground subsidence caused by mining operations.

оползни

Landslides : Mass movement of rock, earth or debris down a slope.

сели

Mudflows : Rapid flows of saturated soil down a slope.

снежные лавины

Snow avalanches : Masses of snow that fall down a mountainside.

топографическое изучение

Topographical survey : Investigation of surface features and terrain.

ровный рельеф

Plain terrain (relatively flat site with a gentle slope to provide natural surface drainage) : Flat or gently sloping land for construction.

гидрологическое изучение

Hydrological surveys : Investigation of water conditions at the site.

состояние грунтовых вод

Groundwater conditions : Characteristics of underground water at the site.

гидрологические опасности

Hydrological hazards (waves and tsunamis, storm surges, floodings) : Water-related natural hazards.

заболоченные участки

Swampy and waterlogged areas (due to constant influx of ground water) : Areas with excess water unsuitable for construction.

метеорологическое изучение

Meteorological surveys : Investigation of weather conditions at the site.

ветровые режимы

Wind patterns : Direction and strength of prevailing winds.

размещать АЭС с подветренной стороны от населенных пунктов

To site an NPP downwind of the populated areas : To place the plant where winds blow away from populated areas.

интенсивность ветров

Intensity of winds : Wind speed and strength at the site.

летящие обломки и снаряды

Flying debris and projectiles : Objects carried by high winds that could damage structures.

режим осадков

Rainfall patterns (to avoid extreme precipitation) : Expected rainfall amounts to avoid flooding risks.

режим снегопадов

Snowfall patterns (the load to the structures due to snowpack must be calculated) : Expected snow accumulation for structural load calculations.

экстремальные температуры воздуха

Extreme air temperatures : Very high or low temperatures affecting equipment performance.

редкие метеорологические явления

Rare meteorological events (lightnings, tropical cyclones, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, waterspouts) : Uncommon but potentially severe weather events.

сейсмологическое изучение

Seismic surveys (Earthquakes and volcanic activity) : Investigation of earthquake and volcanic hazards.

наличие источников технической воды для охлаждения

Availability of sources of cooling service water : Access to water for plant cooling systems.

доступ к энергосети

Access to power grid (electricity infrastructure) : Connection to the electrical transmission system.

наличие транспортной инфраструктуры

Availability of transport infrastructure (roads and rail) : Access to roads and railways for shipping materials.

наличие местной квалифицированной рабочей силы

Availability of local qualified manpower : Access to skilled workers in the area.

доступ к местным строительным материалам

Access to local construction materials (operational pits and deposits of stone, sand, gravel, etc.) : Local sources of aggregates for construction.

социально-экономические факторы

Socioeconomic factors : Social and economic considerations for plant siting.

плотность населения

Density of population : Number of people per unit of area near the site.

эксплуатационные расходы

Operating costs : Costs including fuel, maintenance, decommissioning and waste disposal.

надзор за

Oversight of (commissioning, construction, etc.) : Regulatory monitoring of activities.

получить лицензию / быть выдана лицензия

To be licensed / be granted a license / to issue a license : To obtain or grant official authorization.

лицензия на проектирование

Design certification (license) : Authorization for NPP design and development.

лицензия на размещение

Site approval (license) : Authorization that the site complies with requirements.

лицензия на сооружение

Construction license : Authorization to begin construction.

лицензия на пусконаладочные работы

Commissioning license : Authorization to start commissioning activities.

лицензия на эксплуатацию

Operation license : Authorization to operate the plant.

лицензия на модернизацию

Design changes license : Authorization for plant modifications.

лицензия на продление срока эксплуатации

Life extension license : Authorization for extended operation beyond design life.

эксплуатирующая организация

NPP operator (operating organization) : The company licensed to operate the NPP.

персонал АЭС

NPP personnel : All workers employed at the nuclear power plant.

в соответствии с нормами безопасности / требованиями лицензии

In compliance with the safety standards / license requirements, etc. : Meeting all applicable requirements.

анализ безопасности

Safety review : Assessment to ensure safe operation.

зона безопасности АЭС

NPP safety zone : An area surrounding the plant with restricted access.

санитарно-защитная зона

Sanitary protection zone, SPZ (RF) : A buffer zone between the NPP and populated areas.

ограниченный режим землепользования

Restricted land use : Limitations on activities in the safety zone.

зона ограниченного доступа

Restricted access area : An area where entry is controlled.

заливка первого бетона

Pouring first concrete : The formal start of NPP construction.

ввод в эксплуатацию / вводить в эксплуатацию

Commissioning / to commission : The process of making a plant operational.

пусконаладочные работы

Commissioning activities : Tests and procedures during commissioning.

подтверждать соответствие построенной АЭС проектным требованиям

To verify that the constructed NPP has met the design and safety requirements : To confirm the plant meets all specifications.

проектные требования

Design specifications : Documented requirements the design must satisfy.

заводские приемочные испытания

Factory acceptance tests, FAT (of the manufactured equipment) : Tests performed at the manufacturer's facility.

приемочные испытания на площадке

Site acceptance tests, SAT (of the manufactured equipment) : Tests performed after equipment delivery.

предпусковые испытания

Pre-operational tests : Tests conducted before fuel loading.

проверять качество строительных работ

To verify the quality of construction works : To confirm construction meets quality standards.

проверка оборудования на качество изготовления/монтажа

Inspection of the equipment for proper fabrication/ installation : To verify proper manufacturing and installation.

испытывать оборудование на работоспособность

To test the equipment for general performance : To verify equipment functions correctly.

холодная и горячая обкатка оборудования

Cold and hot performance tests : Testing at cold and nominal operating parameters.

промывка трубопроводов на холодных параметрах

Flushing of pipelines at cold parameters : Cleaning pipes with water before hot testing.

испытывать ГЦН на номинальных параметрах

To test RCPs at nominal parameters : To verify reactor coolant pump performance.

имитировать эксплуатационные режимы

To simulate plant operating conditions : To recreate normal operating conditions for testing.

имитировать аварийные режимы

To simulate accident conditions : To recreate accident scenarios for testing.

проводить стресс-тестирование оборудования

To carry out stress-tests of the equipment : To test equipment beyond normal limits.

основное оборудование

Essential equipment : Critical equipment necessary for plant operation.

вспомогательное оборудование

Auxiliary equipment : Supporting equipment systems.

система отвода тепла

Heat removal system : Systems that remove and transfer heat from the core.

имитаторы ТВС

Dummy FAs : Fuel assemblies without nuclear fuel used for testing.

вооруженные силы охраны площадки АЭС

Well-armed security/military forces guarding the NPP site : Security personnel protecting the facility.

устанавливать строгий контрольно-пропускной режим

To establish strict access control for workers and visitors : To control entry to the facility.

доставлять свежие ТВС на площадку АЭС

To deliver the fresh FAs to the NPP site : To transport new fuel assemblies to the plant.

физический пуск

Physical start-up : The phase when nuclear fuel is loaded and criticality is achieved.

первая загрузка топлива

First fuel loading : The initial loading of fuel into the new core.

подкритические испытания

Subcritical tests (zero-power) : Tests conducted before reaching criticality.

(быть выведенным на) первую критичность

(to be brought to) First criticality : The moment when self-sustaining chain reaction begins.

генерировать нейтронный поток

To generate neutron flux : To produce measurable neutron population.

выводить блок на минимальный контролируемый уровень мощности

Bring the unit to minimum controlled power (1% nominal power) : To reach the lowest controlled power level.

испытания в режиме малой мощности

Low-power operational tests : Tests conducted at low power levels.

продувка паропроводов

Flushing the steam lines with the steam (to remove all the construction debris and loose rust from inside the pipes) : Cleaning steam pipes with steam before turbine operation.

энергетический пуск

Power start-up : The phase when power output is progressively increased.

испытания на мощности

Power tests : Tests conducted at increasing power levels.

постепенное повышение уровня мощности

Gradual increase in power level (15%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 100%) : Step-by-step power increases.