Ecological, Finance, Development, and Nutrition Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards covering environmental science, accounting, developmental psychology, nutrition, and financial literacy based on the provided lecture notes.

Carbon footprint

The total emissions of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and other greenhouse gases caused by an entity, expressed as a weight of $CO_2$ equivalents.

Water footprint

The volume of fresh water used to produce goods and services consumed by an individual or community.

Forest footprint

The demand on forested areas required to supply wood, paper, and other forest products.

Current assets

Short-term assets including cash, accounts receivable, and inventory.

Fixed assets

Non-current or long-term assets used in company operations but not intended for resale, such as property, plant, and equipment.

Intangible assets

Non-physical assets such as copyrights, patents, and trademarks.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson's first stage (birth to $18$ months) where consistent care leads to a sense of trust and the virtue of hope; failure leads to anxiety and relationship struggles.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson's third stage ($3-6$ years) where children assert power through play; success leads to the virtue of purpose, reflecting ambition and responsibility.

Ego integrity vs. despair

The final stage of psychosocial development ($65+$) involving reflection on life; success leads to the virtue of wisdom, a deep understanding of life.

FCCLA

Family, Career and Community Leaders of America; a nonprofit organization for students in family and consumer sciences education through grade $12$.

Type 1 diabetes

A condition occurring in children or young adults where the immune system destroys insulin-releasing cells, eliminating insulin production.

Type 2 diabetes

The more common form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and the pancreas's inability to produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.

Gestational diabetes

A form of diabetes occurring during pregnancy that usually resolves after birth but increases the future risk of Type 2 diabetes.

Biological needs

Essential requirements for survival and proper body function, such as food, water, and healthcare.

Symmetrical balance

An interior design concept involving mirroring elements on either side of a central axis to create stability and order.

Radial balance

Arranging elements in a circular pattern around a central point, such as in round dining tables or spiral staircases.

Docking

The culinary process of creating small holes in unbaked dough to allow steam to escape during baking.

Du jour menu

A menu that allows for daily changes and adaptations based on dish availability and selection.

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA)

A 1938 act that authorized the FDA to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics.

The Danger Zone

The temperature range between $40^{\circ}\text{F}\ (4^{\circ}\text{C})$ and $140^{\circ}\text{F}\ (60^{\circ}\text{C})$ where bacteria multiply rapidly.

Ellen Swallow Richards

An American chemist and pioneer who applied scientific knowledge to daily living and helped develop the field of home economics in the 1800s.

Qualitative food tests

Sensory or descriptive tests that determine the presence or absence of a component (e.g., triangle test, duo-trio test).

Quantitative food tests

Tests designed to measure the exact amount or concentration of a component, providing objective numerical data.

Plowhorse method

A menu engineering category for items with high sales but low profit margins.

Folate (Vitamin B9)

A water-soluble vitamin crucial for DNA synthesis, cell division, and fetal development; found in raw spinach.

Anthocyanin

Flavonoid pigments found in dark red, purple, and blue fruits that have antioxidant effects.

Keshan disease

A condition caused by the combination of selenium deficiency and a viral infection.

Cellulose

A simple polymer of glucose found in plants that cannot be digested by humans and acts as dietary fiber.

Urticaria

Commonly known as hives; a skin condition resulting from allergic reactions characterized by itchy red bumps.

Food Cost Percentage (FCP)

Calculated by the formula: $\frac{\text{Cost of food item}}{\text{Selling price}} \times 100$.

Oxalic acid

An organic compound in leafy greens that can bind with calcium to form calcium oxalate, reducing calcium bioavailability.

Empire waistline

A fashion design featuring a raised waistline just below the bust to elongate the appearance of the legs.

Gresham's law of planning

The principle stating that as people become busier, they have less time to make plans.

Macrosociology

The study of large-scale social processes and structures, such as social institutions and population dynamics.

Social capital

Networks of relationships among people in a society that enable it to function effectively.

Object permanence

A Milestone in Piaget's sensorimotor stage where an infant realizes objects exist even when out of sight.

Conservation

A milestone in Piaget's concrete operational stage where a child understands that quantity stays the same despite changes in physical appearance.

Assimilation

The Piagetian process of integrating new experiences into existing mental frameworks or schemas.

Accommodation

The Piagetian process of changing existing schemas or creating new ones when new information cannot be explained by existing structures.

Error of central tendency

A performance appraisal bias where evaluators rate all employees as average, avoiding high or low extremes.

Opportunity Cost

The value of the top alternative foregone when making a financial or economic choice.

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

A 1938 act mandating federal minimum wage, overtime pay, record keeping, and youth employment restrictions.

Federal Reserve Board

The central bank agency of the U.S. responsible for managing monetary policy and the money supply.

Whole life insurance

A permanent life insurance policy that includes a savings feature and does not have a limited time duration.