Gen Chem 2 Unit 7

C-H

Organic chemistry: the study of compounds containing — — bonds

inorganic

— chemistry: the study of compounds that don't contain C-H bonds

4, covalent, rings

List the properties of carbon that allow it to form complex structures: # valence electrons, readily forms bonds, can form 4 —bonds with itself and other elements, can form chains, —, and branches

alkane

hydrocarbon that only contains single bonds between C and H, general chemical formula C_nH_2n+2, ends in -ane

alkene

hydrocarbon that contains 1 or more double bonds (is unsaturated), ends in -ene

alkyne

a hydrocarbon with one or more triple bonds (may also contain double bonds, unsaturated) ends in -yne

cycloalkane, front

alkanes that form a ring structure, cyclo- is added in — of the base name

aromatic hydrocarbon

a hydrocarbon with a benzene ring (3 distributed double bonds), called a phenyl

alcohol

a hydrocarbon derivative containing an R-OH group, remove the last e and add -ol for 1 group, -diol for 2, -triol for 3

ether

a compound that contains the functional group  R-O-R', if its this say — at the end

ketones

a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to 2 carbon atoms 

aldehyde

a carbonyl group (C=O) that is bonded to at least 1 H atom

Carboxylic acids

a carbonyl group (C=O) with an additional -OH attached to the carbon 

Ester

a carbonyl group (C=O) with an additional -OR', commonly found in flavors and scents

amine

contains C-N bonds, N forms 3 bonds with either C or H

Amide

contains an N atom connected to the C of a carbonyl group (C=O)

fermentation, acid catalysis

alcohols are synthesized by — or — —

dehydration

ethers are synthesized by — synthesis of 2 alcohol molecules

weak, hormones, DNA

amines form — acids that are important in the formation of — , amino acids, and —

bases, soluble, proteins

amides form weak — that are polar, and water —, they are used in the formation of — and pharmaceuticals

carbohydrates

fixed ratio of 1C:2H:1O, provide short term energy and structure

C, H, O, storage, thermoregulation

lipids have no fixed ratio and are made of — — —, they provide long-term energy —, chemical communication, protection, and —

AA, polypeptide, immune, transport, biochemical

proteins are made of CHNOPS, they have — as the monomer, and — as the polymer, they provide movement, storage, — defense, chemical communication, structure, — of materials, tissue repair and catalysis of — reactions 

nucleotide, stable, interprets

nucleic acids are made of CHNOP, — monomers and DNA/RNA polymers

DNA: stores genetic info, highly —, the organism's blueprint

RNA: carries genetic info, short-lived, "—" the DNA code to build a protein 

deoxyribose, storage

DNA: double stranded, — pentose, ATCG, highly stable, long-term —of genetic info

ribose, carrier

RNA: single stranded, — pentose, AUCG, short-lived, — of genetic info to build proteins

primary

— structure: sequencing of AA

secondary

— structure: folding of the AA chain, caused by interactions between side chains, form alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets

tertiary

— structure: folding of sections of the AA chain caused by interactions between sections of the chain and interactions with the environment

quaternary

— Structure: interactions between multiple chains

transcription

converting DNA to RNA

translation

converting RNA to protein