Reading 13-2 S2

Oxytocin (n.)

a hormone that promotes bonding and social behavior; 催产素

Chemical (n.)

a substance used in or produced by chemistry; 化学物质

Hormone (n.)

a regulatory substance produced in organisms; 激素

Pituitary (n.)

a gland that controls other hormone glands in the body; 垂体

Focus on (phr.)

to concentrate attention on something; 专注于

Scientist (n.)

a person who studies or practices science; 科学家

Be aware of (phr.)

to know or recognize something; 意识到

Influence (n./v.)

the effect or impact on something; 影响

Prairie vole (n.)

a small rodent known for strong pair bonds; 草原田鼠

Release (v.)

to set free; 释放

Reputation (n.)

the beliefs or opinions about someone or something; 名声

Refer to (phr.)

to mention or speak about something; 指的是

Empathetic (adj.)

able to understand others' feelings; 有同理心的

Cooperative (adj.)

willing to work together; 合作的

Optimistic (adj.)

hopeful and positive about the future; 乐观的

Circumstance (n.)

a condition or situation affecting something; 情况

Impact on (phr.)

the strong effect something has on something else; 对......的影响

Interaction (n.)

communication or direct involvement with someone; 互动

Experiment (n.)

a scientific test to learn something; 实验

Invest money (phr.)

to use money to earn more money; 投资资金

Anonymous (adj.)

without a known name; 匿名的

Revise (v.)

to change or modify; 修改

Depend on (phr.)

to rely on; 依赖

Emerge (v.)

to come into view or become known; 出现

Guarantee (v.)

to promise or ensure; 保证

Sniffed (v.)

inhaled quickly through the nose; 吸气

Nasal spray (n.)

a spray designed to deliver medicine into the nose; 鼻腔喷雾剂

Beforehand (adv.)

in advance; 事先

Charitable (adj.)

generous in giving to others; 慈善的

Constructively (adv.)

in a helpful way; 建设性地

Enhance (v.)

to improve or increase; 提高

Fuelled (v.)

driven or powered by something; 被......推动

Contrast (n./v.)

a difference between things; 对比

Competitive (adj.)

wanting to be better than others; 竞争性的

Inhale (v.)

to breathe in; 吸入

Beat (v.)

to defeat someone; 打败

Envy (n.)

a feeling of jealousy; 嫉妒

Administer (v.)

to give or apply something (like medicine); 给予，施用

Disposition (n.)

a person's natural qualities of mind and character; 性格

Adept (adj.)

skilled or proficient; 熟练的

To begin with (phr.)

at the start; 首先

In fact (phr.)

actually or really; 事实上

Reduce (v.)

to make smaller or less; 减少

Cooperation (n.)

the act of working together; 合作

Anxious (adj.)

worried or nervous; 焦虑的

Sensitive (adj.)

easily affected or hurt; 敏感的

Rejection (n.)

the act of refusing or dismissing something; 拒绝

Deal with (phr.)

to handle or manage; 处理

Associate (v.)

to connect someone or something in your mind; 联系

Defend (v.)

to protect from harm; 保卫

Appear (v.)

to seem or become visible; 出现

Strengthen (v.)

to make stronger; 加强

Promote (v.)

to encourage or support; 促进

Subtlety (n.)

the quality of being delicate or difficult to detect; 微妙

Exist (v.)

to be present or real; 存在

Influence (n.)

the capacity to have an effect; 影响

Individual (n.)

a single person; 个人

Circumstance (n.)

a fact or condition connected with an event; 情况

Nuance (n.)

a slight difference in meaning or feeling; 细微差别

Propel (v.)

to push or drive forward; 推进

Mutually exclusive (phr.)

unable to happen at the same time; 相互排斥的

Anxiety (n.)

a feeling of worry or fear; 焦虑

Motivate (v.)

to provide a reason for doing something; 激励

Spotlight (n.)

focused attention; 聚光灯

Clue (n.)

something that helps solve a problem; 线索

Core (n.)

the central part of something; 核心

Dip (v.)

to drop or decline; 下降

Attune to (phr.)

to adjust or adapt to; 调整以适应

Sensitive (adj.)

quick to detect or respond to slight changes; 敏感的

Prone to (phr.)

likely to suffer from; 容易

Perplexing (adj.)

confusing or puzzling; 令人困惑的

Octopuses (n.)

sea animals with eight arms; 章鱼

Molecule (n.)

a group of atoms bonded together; 分子

Primitive (adj.)

relating to early stages of development; 原始的

Context (n.)

the situation or background information; 上下文；背景

Beneficial (adj.)

helpful or good; 有益的

Ignore (v.)

to refuse to pay attention to; 忽略

Jealousy (n.)

resentment against someone else's success; 嫉妒

Experiment participant (n.)

a person taking part in a scientific study; 实验参与者

Reinforce (v.)

to make stronger or support; 加强

Revealed (v.)

made known; 揭示

Trigger (v.)

to cause something to happen; 触发

Influence of association (phr.)

the effect that relationships or connections have; 联想的影响