Global Demography

Demography

it refers to the scientific study of the determinants & consequences of human population trends

Demographic transition

refers to the transition from high birth & death rates to low birth & death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrialized economic system

Thomas Malthus

he was the first person to draw widespread attention to the two components of natural increase of birth & death

Essay on the Principle of Population

it is an essay on which Malthus was formulated & was published in 1789, wherein he postulated that population tend to grow geometrically, while the means of subsistence grew only arithmetically

Preventive Check

it is what Malthus called the factors which can cause depressed wages such as postponement of marriage, misery & vices

Misery & vice

these two are the ones that will hold check on the new Equilibrium of population

Force of Industrial Revolution

a force that Malthus did not recognize which produced exponential growth in the means of subsistence

The demographic transition framework

it illustrates population growth in terms of discrepancies & changes in two crude vital roles-mortality & fertility.

Stage 1: Pre-industrial Society

high & unstable birth & death rates, population growth rate slow, importance of children, low life expectancy

Stage 2: Early Industrial Society

high birth rates, falling death rates, high population growth

Stage 3: Late Industrial Society

low death rate, falling birth rate, high population growth

Stage 4: Post Industrial Society

low birth & death rates, low population growth

Fertility Transition Theory

This theory states that fertility is declining in the less developed countries at a rate which exceeds the rate of decline that was experienced in developed countries.