________ in humans can only be sustained for a short time before the body needs to recover.
New cards
2
E
(________) Bronchi- Branches repeatedly within the lungs to produce numerous finer tubes called bronchioles.
New cards
3
Emphysema
________ is caused by exposure to toxic chemicals, e.g.
New cards
4
Waste products
________ vary from organism to organism.
New cards
5
Respiration
________ is carried out in a complicated series of reactions involving enzymes.
New cards
6
amino acids
Proteins from ________, hormones, enzymes (b) Cell growth and division: synthesis of new protoplasm and genetic material (c) Muscular contraction, both voluntary (involving skeletal muscles) and involuntary (cardiac muscle and smooth muscle i.e.
New cards
7
thoracic cavity
The ________ decreases in volume.
New cards
8
impotence
(Iii) Increases risk of stroke, heart attack and ________.
New cards
9
Energy
________ released from respiration is used for: (a) Synthesising complex molecules from simpler molecules i.e.
New cards
10
F
(________) Lungs- Located in the pleural cavity, they are enclosed by the pleura, a two- layered membrane structure.
New cards
11
Ii
(________) Reduces efficiency of blood to transport oxygen.
New cards
12
Aerobic respiration
________ is the oxidation of glucose molecules in the presence of oxygen to release a large amount of energy, with carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
New cards
13
bicarbonate ions
70 % is transported as ________ in the blood.
New cards
14
thin film of water
They are covered with a(n) ________ to allow oxygen to dissolve and subsequently diffuse in solution across the cell surface membranes.
New cards
15
Trachea
(D) ________- A tube supported by C- shaped cartilage connecting the larynx and the lungs.
New cards
16
cartilage
The C- shaped ________ prevents the trachea from collapsing as the air pressure in the lungs changes.
New cards
17
intercostal muscles
The ________ and the diaphragm work together to change the volume of the chest cavity (thoracic cavity)
New cards
18
lung disease
It is a(n) ________ characterised by the permanent enlargement of air spaces due to a destruction of alveolar walls.
New cards
19
bronchioles
The ________ at the end of the branching terminate in clusters of air sacs called alveoli.
New cards
20
blood capillaries
They are well- supplied with ________ which transport away diffused oxygen and supply carbon dioxide for excretion.
New cards
21
ribs
The lungs are protected by the ________ which extend from the backbone to the sternum (breast bone)
New cards
22
mitochondria of cells
It occurs within the ________.
New cards
23
Nasal
(A) ________ passages- Passages leading from the nostrils lined with a moist mucous membrane.
New cards
24
Oxygen uptake
________ and carbon dioxide removal is impaired and severe breathlessness is experienced.
New cards
25
Chronic bronchitis
________ is caused by irritation to the respiratory lining of the airways, resulting in inflammation.
New cards
26
internal intercostal muscles contract
The ________ while the external intercostal muscles relax, moving the ribs downwards and inwards.
New cards
27
mucus
The ________ traps dust, pollen and other particles and the cilia sweeps it upwards into the pharynx to be swallowed into the oesophagus.
New cards
28
interconversion of carbon dioxide
It catalyses the ________ with water to give carbonic acid, which dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
New cards
29
walls of the alveoli
The ________ are one- cell thick, resulting in a small distance for diffusion.
New cards
30
chest cavity
The inner layer is in contact with the lungs while the other layer adheres to the wall of the ________.
New cards
31
human respiratory system
The ________ consists of:
New cards
32
external intercostal muscles contract
The ________ while the internal intercostal muscles relax.
New cards
33
respiratory passage
During inhalation, air passes through the ________ in the order: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
New cards
34
diaphragm
The ________ is a sheet of skeletal muscle that forms the bottom wall of the thoracic cavity.
New cards
35
energy
Some ________ is also released as heat during respiration.
New cards
36
anaerobic respiration
When ________ occurs, there is a build up of lactic acid in the muscle cells.
New cards
37
Anaerobic respiration
________ is the breakdown of glucose molecules in the absence of oxygen.
New cards
38
Anaerobic respiration
________ in humans primarily occurs in the muscle cells.
New cards
39
(a) Nasal passages
Passages leading from the nostrils lined with a moist mucous membrane
New cards
40
(b) Pharynx
Common passage for the opening of the oesophagus and the trachea
New cards
41
(c) Larynx
Voice box containing vocal cords
New cards
42
(d) Trachea
A tube supported by C-shaped cartilage connecting the larynx and the lungs
New cards
43
(f) Lungs
Located in the pleural cavity, they are enclosed by the pleura, a two-layered membrane structure
New cards
44
During inhalation, air passes through the respiratory passage in the order
Mechanism of conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions
(a) Carbon dioxide from respiring cells diffuses into blood plasma and then into red blood cells
New cards
46
In the lungs
(a) Hydrogen carbonate ions diffuse back into red blood cells where they combine with hydrogen ions released from haemoglobin to form carbonic acid
New cards
47
Energy released from respiration is used for
(a) Synthesising complex molecules from simpler molecules i.e
New cards
48
proteins from amino acids, hormones, enzymes (b) Cell growth and division
synthesis of new protoplasm and genetic material (c) Muscular contraction, both voluntary (involving skeletal muscles) and involuntary (cardiac muscle and smooth muscle i.e
New cards
49
The equation for anaerobic respiration in humans is
Studied by 0 people
Note 
Flashcard (28)