CHAPTER 22 MICRO

Which microorganisms are found in domain Eukarya?

Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths.

What body form of fungi is described as a single-celled organism?

Yeast.

What body form of fungi is described as a long, filamentous cell?

Hypha.

What body form of fungi is described as a conglomeration of long, filamentous cells and is also called mold?

Mycelium.

How do unicellular fungi (yeast) reproduce?

Asexually by budding.

How do multicellular fungi (mold) reproduce?

Asexually or sexually through the production of spores.

What is the term for an infection or disease caused by fungi?

Mycosis.

What happens to thermal dimorphic fungi at temperatures of 30°C or less?

They live in soil as mycelium.

What happens to thermal dimorphic fungi at a temperature of 37°C?

Their body form changes to yeast.

Which type of fungal pathogens exhibit thermal dimorphism?

True fungal pathogens.

What is the most common way of transmission for true fungal pathogens?

Mycelium in the soil produces spores that can be breathed in with dust.

Which of the following are true fungal pathogens?

Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidiodes immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis.

Where is Histoplasma capsulatum endemic?

Eastern and central US.

Where is Coccidiodes immitis endemic?

Southwestern US, mostly Arizona and California (San Joaquin Valley).

Where is Blastomyces dermatitidis endemic?

Midwest and southeast US.

Where is Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis endemic?

Central and South America.

True fungal pathogens usually cause what kind of infection?

Respiratory infection that may lead to systemic infection.

What group of fungal pathogens causes infection in the skin, brain, and lungs?

Dermatophytes.

What disease is caused by Sporothrix schenckii?

Sporotrichosis, also known as rose gardener's disease.

What are dermatophytes?

A variety of fungal pathogens from three genera that cause skin infections.

What type of infection does Candida albicans cause?

Oral thrush, vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), or cutaneous candidiasis (diaper rash).

What disease does Cryptococcus neoformans cause?

Respiratory disease that can spread to the blood and cause meningitis and death.

What disease does Aspergillus fumigatus cause?

Aspergillosis, a lung disease that can lead to fungal balls in the lungs and death.

What disease does Pneumocystis jiroveci cause?

Pneumonia, which is a prominent AIDS-defining illness

What are some examples of opportunistic fungal pathogens?

Pneumocystis jiroveci, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus.