Church History: Martin Luther

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to Martin Luther and the early Reformation, aimed at helping students understand the historical context and theological implications of Luther's actions.

Martin Luther

A German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation by challenging the Catholic Church's practices, particularly the sale of indulgences.

Indulgences

Payments made to the Church to reduce the punishment for sins; controversially sold by Johann Tetzel during Luther's time.

95 Theses

A document written by Martin Luther in 1517 criticizing the sale of indulgences and outlining his theological beliefs, which he famously nailed to the Castle Church door.

Erasmus of Rotterdam

A humanist scholar and theologian known for his works on free will and his correspondence with Martin Luther, particularly on the topic of the human will's relationship to God's grace.

Diet of Worms

An assembly of the Holy Roman Empire in 1521 where Martin Luther was summoned to defend his writings and teachings, leading to his excommunication from the Catholic Church.

Papal authority

The pope's authority over the Church and its members, a central issue in Luther's critiques concerning the Church's practices and teachings.

Augustinian Monastery

The monastery in Erfurt where Martin Luther entered as a monk, heavily influencing his spiritual development and theological views.

Doctrine of Justification by Faith Alone

Luther's central theological belief that faith in Jesus Christ, rather than good works, is the only means to achieve salvation.