Chapter 09 - Nervous System

The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the

a. central and sympathetic

b. sympathetic and parasympathetic

c. peripheral and central

d. peripheral and autonomic

c

The two types of cells found in the nervous system are

a. motor neurons and sensory neurons

b. neurons and glia cells

c. glia cells and astrocytes

d. none of the above

b

The part of the neuron that carries impulses to the neuron cell body is the

a. dendrite

b. axon

c. neurolemma

d. node of Ranvier

a

The part of the neuron that carries impulses away from the neuron cell body is the

a. dendrite

b. axon

c. neurolemma

d. node of Ranvier

b

The types of neurons that carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord are called

a. motor neurons

b. sensory neurons

c. efferent neurons

d. both b and c above

b

The types of neurons that carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord are called

a. motor neurons

b. sensory neurons

c. efferent neurons

d. both a and c above

d

Interneurons connect

a. efferent neurons to motor neurons

b. afferent neurons to sensory neurons

c. central neurons to afferent neurons

d. none of the above

d

Cells that produce myelin for the cells of the brain and spinal cord are the

a. Schwann cells

b. microglia

c. astrocytes

d. oligodendrocytes

d

Cells that are important in the blood-brain barrier are the

a. Schwann cells

b. microglia

c. astrocytes

d. oligodendrocytes

c

Cells that produce myelin for cells outside the brain and spinal cord are the

a. Schwann cells

b. microglia

c. astrocytes

d. oligodendrocytes

a

Glia cells that act as microbe-eating cells are the

a. Schwann cells

b. microglia

c. astrocytes

d. oligodendrocytes

b

The tough fibrous sheath covering the whole nerve is called the

a. perineurium

b. fascicles

c. epineurium

d. none of the above

c

Reflexes can be

a. a single neuron

b. two neurons

c. three neurons

d. both b and c above

d

A synapse is

a. a gap between neurons

b. crossed by a chemical

c. separates the axon end of one neuron from the dendrite of the next

d. all of the above

d

The difference between a three- and a two-neuron reflex is that a three-neuron reflex

a. passes through the dorsal root ganglion

b. includes an efferent neuron

c. includes an interneuron

d. includes an afferent neuron

c

The resting neuron

a. has a slight negative charge on the exterior

b. has a slight positive charge on the exterior

c. has an excess of sodium inside the cell

d. both a and c above

b

When a section of the resting neuron is stimulated

a. sodium ions rush into the cell

b. sodium ions rush out of the cell

c. the interior of the cell becomes slightly positive

d. both a and c above

d

When the nerve impulse encounters a myelin-covered section of neuron

a. it moves more slowly than it would in nonmyelinated sections

b. it stops

c. it jumps over the myelin

d. none of the above

c

A synapse includes

a. a very narrow synaptic cleft

b. a presynaptic neuron with neurotransmitter receptor sites on its membrane

c. a postsynaptic neuron that releases the neurotransmitter

d. all of the above

a

Neurotransmitters

a. are released by the postsynaptic neuron

b. are distributed randomly throughout the nervous system

c. can diffuse back into the synaptic knob

d. all of the above

c

The brainstem includes the

a. medulla oblongata, pons, and thalamus

b. medulla oblongata, midbrain, and hypothalamus

c. pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata

d. medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum

c

The "vital centers" (the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers) are located in the

a. pons

b. midbrain

c. thalamus

d. medulla oblongata

d

The association of sensation with emotion occurs in the

a. hypothalamus

b. thalamus

c. medulla oblongata

d. cerebellum

b

The regulation of the sleep cycle, water balance, and the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) occurs in the

a. hypothalamus

b. thalamus

c. medulla oblongata

d. cerebellum

a

The coordination of muscle movement and the maintenance of equilibrium occur in the

a. hypothalamus

b. thalamus

c. medulla oblongata

d. cerebellum

d

Which of the following neurotransmitter is a catecholamine?

a. Acetylcholine

b. Enkephalin

c. Endorphin

d. Dopamine

d

The right and left sides of the cerebrum are connected by the

a. corpus callosum

b. sulcus

c. gyrus

d. basal ganglia

a

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurring in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum would affect

a. the ability to speak

b.motor coordination

c. vision

d. memory

c

The ridges in the cerebrum are called

a. sulci

b. gyri

c. corpus callosum

d. cerebral nuclei

b

The functions of the spinal cord include

a. the primary reflex center

b. carrying motor impulses to the brain

c. carrying sensory impulses away from the brain

d. all of the above

a

The tough outer layer of meninges is called the

a. pia mater

b. arachnoid mater

c. dura mater

d. ventricles

c

The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to

a. cardiac muscle

b. smooth muscle

c. glandular tissue

d. all of the above

d

Which axon releases norepinephrine?

a. A sympathetic preganglionic axon

b. A sympathetic postganglionic axon

c. A parasympathetic preganglionic axon

d. A parasympathetic postganglionic axon

b

The parasympathetic nervous system

a. is also called the thoracolumbar system

b. is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response

c. releases acetylcholine from its postganglionic axons

d. has neurons that enter the sympathetic chain ganglion

c

The sympathetic nervous system

a. is called the thoracolumbar system

b. releases norepinephrine from its preganglionic axon

c. is called the craniosacral system

d. both a and b above

a

The axon of an afferent neuron could synapse with

a. a sense organ

b. a muscle cell

c. an interneuron

d. a gland

c

An axon of an efferent neuron could synapse with

a. an interneuron

b. a sense organ

c. a muscle cell

d. either b or c above

c

An efferent neuron carries impulses in the direction opposite that of

a. a motor neuron

b. a sensory neuron

c. an afferent neuron

d. both b and c above

d

Going from the interior to the exterior of a nerve, the layers of connective tissue would be

a. perineurium, epineurium, and fascicle

b. endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium

c. epineurium, perineurium, and fascicle

d. epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium

b

Which of the following is a morphinelike neurotransmitter that acts as a natural pain killer?

a. Endorphin

b. Acetylcholine

c. Dopamine

d. Epinephrine

a

Which structure is part of the diencephalon?

a. Midbrain

b. Hypothalamus

c. Medulla oblongata

d. All of the above are part of the diencephalon

b

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

a. Helps maintain body temperature

b. Associates sensation with emotion

c. Helps regulate water balance

d. All of the above are functions of the thalamus

b

The lobe of the brain that deals with vision is the

a. frontal lobe

b. parietal lobe

c. occipital lobe

d. temporal lobe

c

The lobe of the brain that contains the auditory area is the

a. frontal lobe

b. parietal lobe

c. occipital lobe

d. temporal lobe

d

The somatic nervous system controls actions of

a. skeletal muscles

b. smooth muscles

c. glandular epithelial tissue

d. both b and c above

a

A group of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a

a. synapse

b. ganglion

c. tract

d. plexus

b

Which nervous system makes up part of the autonomic nervous system?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

c

Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine as part of which nervous system?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

a

Which is also called the thoracolumbar nervous system?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

b

In which nervous system does the synapse between the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons usually occur some distance away from the spinal cord?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

a

As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons going to many different efferent organs?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

b

As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

c

Which nervous system dominates the control of effector organs under normal, everyday conditions?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

a

In which nervous system does the synapse of the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons usually occur close to the spinal cord?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

b

As part of which nervous system do postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

b

Which nervous system is also called the craniosacral nervous system?

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Sympathetic nervous system

c. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

a

The nervous system and this are the two body-wide communication systems.

a. Blood

b. Lymph

c. Endocrine

d. Cardiovascular system composed of both blood and the lymphatic system

c

Which of the following is not considered part of the nervous system as a whole?

a. The brain

b. The spinal cord

c. The eyes

d. All of the above are considered part of the nervous system as a whole

d

These types of neurons are sometimes called connecting neurons

a. sensory neurons

b. interneurons

c. afferent neurons

d. motor neurons

b

Indentations between adjacent Schwann cells are called

a. the nodes of Ranvier

b. the myelin sheath

c. the neurolemma

d. none of the above

a

The word glia comes from the Greek word meaning

a. found in the brain

b. glue

c. helper

d. protector

b

A glioma is

a. a type of tumor

b. a glia cell that forms the blood-brain barrier

c. a glia cell that form a myelin substance in the central nervous system

d. a glia cell that kills microorganisms

a

Myelinated bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called

a. gray matter

b. tracts

c. white matter

d. both b and c above

d

A nerve is

a. a long individual axon

b. a group of axons

c.

a group of cell bodies

d. a group of dendrites

b

A nerve impulse is also called a(n)

a. reflex

b. sensation

c. action potential

d. both b and c

c

Which of the following is not true of the cerebellum?

a. It is the second largest part of the brain.

b. It lies under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.

c. It has gray matter tracts in its interior called the arbor vitae.

d. All of the above are true of the cerebellum.

c

This neurotransmitter is not a catecholamine

a. dopamine

b. acetylcholine

c. serotonin

d. all of the above neurotransmitters are catecholamines

b

Some of the neurons in this structure function as endocrine glands

a. hypothalamus

b. thalamus

c. cerebellum

d. medulla oblongata

a

In the cerebrum, the islands of gray matter within the white matter are called the

a. cerebral basal nuclei

b. cerebral cortex

c. basal ganglia

d. both a and c above

d

The innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the

a. dura mater

b. pia mater

c. arachnoid mater

d. cerebral mater

b

The middle membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the

a. dura mater

b. pia mater

c. arachnoid mater

d. cerebral mater

c

The total number of pairs of both spinal and cranial nerves is

a. 31

b. 12

c. 43

d. 56

c