HUSH Final Test

Wendell Phillips (who was he, why did he create his speech, was he successful)

He was a major abolitionist for the Republican Party. He created his infamous speech in response to the Northern response to the Grant Administration sending federal troops to interfere with the Louisiana legislature. He was successful in halting the protests and gaining the support of the citizens of Boston.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

It was an act created in favor for the Republican Party’s Reconstruction plans. It divided the Confederate states into military districts with far less power, allowing the Republican dominated federal government to gain power. (radicalized)

Reconstruction Amendments

13th: Slavery is abolished in the United States

14th: Birthright citizenship is enacted, including African Americans (most radical amendment)

15th: All men have gained the right to vote.

Enforcement Act of 1870

The enforcements enforce the idea that those who are entitled to vote should follow through with that without additional obstacles, in response to the discrimination faced by African American voters from groups like the KKK or even the state government

Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan (never became law)

1) He didn’t want the 14th or 15th amendments (but allowed the 13th)

2) Former Confederates would beg for forgiveness

3) Same people from pre-Confederate times would be re-elected

Black Codes vs. Freedman’s Bureau

Black codes were enacted by the Democratic South to restrict the freedoms and rights of African Americans during Reconstruction. The Freedman’s Bureau (radicalized) was enacted by Congress to assist the formerly enslaved in getting land, education, and well-paying jobs after gaining citizenship.

Grant (what events were he responsible for and what did they entail, how many terms did he serve)

He served two terms and was responsible for the Whiskey Ring and the Panic of 1873. The whiskey ring was a political scandal for the Grant administration involving a conspiracy amongst government officials and whiskey sellers to defraud the federal government relative to revenues earned by the whiskey tax. The Panic of 1873 was a mini-economic depression that occurred due to bank and railroad failures.

Election of 1876 (candidates and political parties, vote conspiracy, compromise of 1877, how did the winner serve in office)

The election of 1876 was a controversial one putting Democratic Candidate Samuel J. Tilden against Hayes Candidate Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won the popular vote but Hayes won the electoral vote. Hayes was declared the winner in the Compromise of 1877 under the condition that he would withdraw federal troops in the Southern states, effectively ending the failing Reconstruction. Hayes would try to show his genuine personality in his speeches and create a friendly environment in a time of panic.

Sharecropping (what is the process, how did it treat African Americans)

Often considered the Southern response to the abolition of slavery. The formerly enslaved were able to live on the landowner’’s land and get supplies, food, and some revenue from the farmers. In exchange, they would still have to work really hard in the plantation and would have to return a portion of the crops back to the landowners. This system was rigged as it deprived African Americans, creating a very unfair crop-lien system, and creating a living condition scarcely better than slavery for the African Americans. Records were also not kept well.

Chinese Immigration (how was racism present, correlation to the workingmen

Racism was also present for Chinese immigrants as political officials stirred up the minds of the people in hostility to the Chinese. In the Workingmen's Association of 1877, they proposed to rid the country of cheap Chinese labor so that they could get more opportunities for pay (alongside destroying land monopoly and the great power of the rich compared to other classes)

Jim Crow Laws

Similar to the Black Codes, they found loopholes into upholding the principle of white supremacy and racial inferiority. Jim Crow Laws legalized segregation and promoted the idea of separate but equal, even though African Americans often had accessed to worse amenities and education.

Violence and Resistance to the Republican-Dominated Reconstruction Plan (what was the KKK, what were primary reasons to such resistance, was was another large group that resisted)

The KKK (Ku Klux Klan) is a primary example of a group that relies on violence and major resistance to express its opinions. They only support white Protestants and have killed Republican officials who support racial equality. This group, alongside major resistance present in the South, comes from a place of misrepresentation and excessive power in the federal government, even though they believed in the State governments having more power. Another present group that resisted Reconstruction was the South Carolina Red Shirts, which they create battle plans to influence the votes of the people.

Republican Party Giving Up

During the Election of 1876, the Republican Party gave up on supporting civilian rights due to constant resistance from the South.

Sherman (The event leading to a meeting, what happened during the meeting, aftermath)

During the March, Sherman’s troops and the African Americans they rescued had to cross a deep creek. There was a lack of organization and many African Americans drowned in the event after being unable to cross. At the meeting, a few African Americans were asked what could help them the most and they requested land. So, they were given land from NC to FL (40 acres and a mule), but that land was under the control of Johnson after Lincoln’s assassination.