Variations in Consciousness, Meditation, and Drugs (Video Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on hypnosis, meditation/mindfulness, and psychoactive drugs.

Hypnosis

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.

Hypnotic induction

The process used to elicit hypnosis, guiding attention and expectations.

Hypnotic phenomena

Observable effects of hypnosis, including anesthesia, sensory distortions, disinhibition, and posthypnotic phenomena.

Anesthesia (hypnotic analgesia)

Pain relief or absence of pain perception produced during hypnosis.

Sensory distortions and hallucinations

Altered or distorted sensory experiences that can occur under hypnosis.

Disinhibition

Reduction of restraint or increased impulsivity observed under hypnosis.

Posthypnotic suggestions

Suggestions given during hypnosis that influence behavior after the intervention.

Amnesia (hypnosis)

Forgetting events that occurred during a hypnotic session.

Hypnosis as Role Playing

Theory that hypnosis is acting out a social role rather than an altered state.

Role playing

People act as if hypnotized; effects can be produced by non-hypnotized individuals; influenced by situational factors.

Disassociation

Split of mental processes into two separate streams of awareness during hypnosis.

Hidden observer

An internal observer that monitors experiences while another part responds to the hypnotist.

Divided consciousness

Two simultaneous streams of awareness: one interacting with the world, the other observing internally.

Focused attention (Meditation)

Concentrating attention on a specific object, image, sound, or sensation to quiet the mind.

Open monitoring (Meditation)

Attentive, non-judgmental awareness of present-moment experience.

Mindfulness

Deliberately bringing attention to the present moment without evaluation.

Automatic Negative Thoughts (ANTs)

Negative thoughts that arise automatically and can affect mood and behavior.

Narcotics (opiates)

Opiate drugs derived from opium that relieve pain (e.g., heroin, morphine, oxycodone).

Sedatives

Sleep-inducing drugs that depress CNS activation and reduce arousal.

Stimulants

Drugs that increase CNS activation and alertness (e.g., Ecstasy, Cocaine, Caffeine).

Hallucinogens

Drugs that distort perception and can alter mental and emotional functioning (e.g., LSD, Acid, Magic Mushrooms).

Cannabis

Hemp plant; derived substances include marijuana, hashish, and THC; effects include euphoria and altered perception.

Alcohol

Beverages containing ethyl alcohol; effects include mild euphoria, relaxation, and reduced inhibitions.

Amphetamines

Stimulants that increase dopamine and norepinephrine release and inhibit reuptake.

Cocaine

Stimulant that blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, affecting dopamine pathways.

Physical dependence

A state in which a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness.

Psychological dependence

Craving and mental/emotional need for a drug, often lasting beyond physical withdrawal.

Overdose

Excessive drug use, especially of CNS depressants, that can lead to respiratory failure, coma, and death.

CNS depressants

Drugs like sedatives, narcotics, and alcohol that slow CNS activity and can cause overdose.

Chronic snorting

Long-term snorting of substances (e.g., cocaine) that damages nasal membranes.

Smoking crack or bongs

Inhalation of smoked drugs causing respiratory problems.

Long-term marijuana use

Prolonged cannabis use associated with pulmonary issues and potential cognitive/psychotic effects.

Driving impairment

Diminished driving ability due to the effects of various drugs.

IV drug use

Intravenous drug use, often involving needle sharing.

Infectious diseases from sharing needles

Transmission of infections (e.g., HIV, hepatitis) through shared injection equipment.

Domestic violence and alcohol

Higher incidence of domestic violence in households with high alcohol use.