Bacterial Disease - Gram Negative Bacteria Part 4

Lack cell wall around membrane

What is different about Mycoplasmas?

Mycoplasma pneumonia and Mycoplasma genitalium

Types of Mycoplasmas

atypical pneumonia and other respiratory disorders

Mycoplasma pneumonia causes...

Cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and infertility

Mycoplasma genitalium causes...

gram negative, aerobic, non-spore forming, pleomorphic bacterium

Legionella pneumophila is a...

Inhaling aerosolized contaminated water

How is Legionella pneumophila contracted?

Legionnaires' disease or legionellosis

What does Legionella pneumophila cause?

community-acquired pneumonia; Pontiac fever (mild fever)

Legionellosis causes __________________ with ________________ as a symptom

Contaminated aquatic systems such as AC, cooling towers, ice making machines, etc

What serve as the source for Legionella pneumophila?

American Legion convention

Legionella pneumophila was named after infecting many individuals at a...

gram negative pleomorphic coccobacillus

Francisella tularensis is a...

Small animals, esp. rabbits

Where is Francisella tularensis found?

By tick bite, contaminated water, or inhalation

How is Francisella tularensis spread?

tularemia

Francisella tularensis causes...

Ulceroglandular, glandular, oropharyngeal, pneumonic, oculoglandular, and typhoidal

Subtypes of tularemia

Shallow ulceration, fever, and regional lymphadenitis (mimics bubonic plague)

What are signs and symptoms of tularemia?

gram negative, non-spore-forming rod

Brucella is a...

brucellosis

Brucella causes...

zoonosis

Brucellosis is a contagious...

Ingestion of unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat from infected animals or their secretions

How is Brucella contracted?

Fevers, sweating, and migratory arthralgia and myalgia

Classic triad associated with brucellosis

gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium

Coxiella burnetii is a...

Contact with milk, urine, feces, vaginal mucus, or semen of infected individuals

What is the main way Coxiella burnetii is contracted?

flu-like

Symptoms of a Coxiella burnetii infection are ______________ in nature

Chlamydia

Family of intracellular parasites closely related to gram-negative bacteria

Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia pneumoniae

What are three types of Chlamydia?

explained infertility in US

Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of...

Psittacosis (ornithosis)

What does Chlamydia psittaci cause?

Contact with infected bird such as parrots or parakeets

How is Chlamydia psittaci typically contracted?

Atypical pneumonia

What is one of the main symptoms of Chlamydia pneumoniae?

Cat scratch disease

What does Bartonella henselae cause?

Scratch/bite from infected cat or kitten or cat flea exposure

How is cat scratch disease contracted?

1. Brown or red papule at inoculation site within days to 2 weeks

2. Fever, HA, malaise, and lymphadenopathy with erythema in 1-7 weeks

3. Other organ systems if atypical

Symptoms of cat scratch fever

Serologic testing and biopsy

Diagnostic procedure for cat scratch fever

Azithromycin and maybe rifampin, gentamycin, or doxycycline

Treatment for cat scratch fever (shortens symptoms)

gram negative coccobacillus

Rickettsia rickettsii is a...

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

What does Rickettsia ricketsii cause?

Eastern US

Where does rocky mountain spotted fever occur?

Wood tick or dog tick

How does Rickettsia ricketsii spread?

Bite history, fever, and rash

Classic triad for rocky mountain spotted fever

Chills, headache, and myalgias

Common fever symptoms with rocky mountain spotted fever

On rash and ankles and a flushed face

Common appearance of rash symptoms with rocky mountain spotted fever

Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), skin biopsy, and serum antibody titers after 2 weeks

What are some ways to confirm rocky mountain spotted fever after finding the classic triad?

Doxycycline

What antibiotic typically hastens recovery with rocky mountain spotted fever?