Year 9 Biology - Cells, respiration and diffusion
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Cells, respiration and diffusion
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24 Terms
Q: What are the levels of organisation in organisms?
A: Organelles → cells → tissues → organs → systems.
Q: Name the main cell structures found in plant and animal cells.
A: Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuole.
Q: What is the function of the nucleus?
A: Contains genetic material and controls cell activities.
Q: What is the function of the cytoplasm?
A: Site of chemical reactions.
Q: What is the function of the cell membrane?
A: Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Q: What is the function of the cell wall?
A: Provides structure and support (plant cells only).
Q: What is the function of mitochondria? .
A: Site of aerobic respiration; releases ATP
Q: What is the function of chloroplasts?
A: Site of photosynthesis (plant cells only).
Q: What is the function of ribosomes?
A: Site of protein synthesis.
Q: What is the function of the vacuole?
A: Stores cell sap and maintains turgor pressure.
Q: How do plant and animal cells differ?
A: Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole; animal cells do not.
Q: Why is cell differentiation important?
A: It produces specialised cells adapted for specific functions.
Q: What does respiration produce in living organisms?
A: ATP.
Q: What does ATP provide for cells?
A: Energy for cellular processes.
Q: What is aerobic respiration?
A: Respiration using oxygen; releases lots of ATP.
Q: What is anaerobic respiration?
A: Respiration without oxygen; releases less ATP.
Q: Word equation for aerobic respiration?
A: Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
Q: Balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
A: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O.
Q: Word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
A: Glucose → lactic acid.
Q: Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast?
A: Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide.
Q: What is diffusion?
A: Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
Q: What is osmosis?
A: Movement of water through a partially permeable membrane from high water potential to low water potential.
Q: What is active transport?
A: Movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy.
Q: What factors affect the rate of movement of substances?
A: Surface area:volume ratio, distance, temperature, concentration gradient.