AP Bio Unit 2- Cell Organelles

Vacuoles

Store waste products, nutrients, and water. In plant cells it also store nutrients, and regulates turgor pressure in the cell.

Nucleus

DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is also made here; controls the cells activites

Cytoplasm

Part of the cell that is outside the nucleus; contains organelles; gives shape to cell

Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Bodies

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes necessary for breaking down materials within a cell

Chloroplast

Use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Found in plant cells and some protists. They reflect green light while absorbing all other colors.

Cell Membrane

Double layer of phospholipids (lipid bilayer) that surrounds the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Mitochondria

Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes - Powerhouse of the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Assembles membrane lipids and detoxifies the cell of drugs; no ribosomes on this organelle.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Proteins are made on the endoplasmic reticulum's ribosomes. They are collected inside the endoplasmic reticulum and transported throughout the cell. Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell.

Ribosome

Assembles proteins; free ribosomes make proteins that will stay in the cell. Attached ribosomes (attached to the ER) make proteins that will be transported out of the cell.

Cell Wall

Thick outer layer in plant cells. Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. It maintains the shape of these cells and creates a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell's vacuole and pushes against it, creating turgor pressure. Also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria.

Organelle

tiny organs within a cell that carry out a specific task