TCP/IP Networks

What are the 2 big classifications of devices in the Internet? Explain each of them.

1. End device - Device that a person can use for communication. Normally attached to a network.

2. Network device - Equipment that forms the network and helps mediate or transfer data between end-devices.

Provide 2 examples of an end device.

Servers and Clients.

What are the 3 sets of addresses that are important to network and end devices?

1. Network location address: IP address

2. Network application address: Port number

3. Network hardware address: Physical address (Media Access Control address)

What's a MAC address?

Known as a Media Access Control address, which is a unique identifier attached to a network interface card.

What do MAC address do?

It is used on the local network to deliver data physically to the correct device. It's like a unique serial number on your phone.

How many bytes are in a MAC address? Explain the first 3 and last 3 bytes.

6 bytes = 48 bits. First 3 bytes identify the manufacturer (OUI). Last 3 bytes are unique address for Network Integrated Chip.

Convert 1 byte to bits.

1 byte = 8 bits

Why is 0.0.0.0 a valid IP address?

It's a special purpose address. It means this host (the device itself) or unspecified address.

What's a Port number?

A way to identify specific processes or services running on a computer or network device. Server ports 0-1023 are reserved for HTTP and FTP. Client ports 1024-65535 are used for private or temporary connections.

What's the function of a Port number?

It helps device direct incoming network data to the correct program or service.

How many bytes are a Port number?

2 bytes = 16 bits. Highest decimal: (2^16) -1

What is a socket?

The combination of a source IP address and port number. [IP:Port_number]

What's a network client software?

Programs installed on the device that connect to or communicate with other servers on a network or internet to receive information and services.

What's a server software?

Programs run on a server and provides services or resources to other computers, called clients, over a network.

What are networking softwares/ commands?

Tools that help to explore, troubleshoot and manage network connections and devices.

What's DHCP?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses or other network settings to a device.