Y9 MYE History

Austria Hungary

A country that declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914.

Triple Alliance

An alliance consisting of Germany, Italy, and Austria Hungary.

Triple Entente

An alliance consisting of France, Great Britain, and Russia.

Alliance

When two or more countries form a union and agree to protect each other from invaders.

Advantages of being part of an alliance

Protection from a bigger force and the ability to receive more aid during times of war.

MAIN

The causes of World War I, which include Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.

Militarism

Increased tensions in Europe due to the fear it created and the arms race between nations.

Imperialism

Increased tension in Europe as countries competed for land.

Nationalism

Created tension between groups of people in empires as they sought independence.

Men Volunteered

Reasons why men volunteered for war, including patriotism, propaganda, escaping prison or unemployment, better pay, fear of the white feather, glamour of the uniform, peer pressure, and the belief that the war would be short.

Conscription

Introduced in the Military Service Act of 1916, which required men to serve in the military.

Military Service Act of 1916

Introduced in January 1916 and later changed in March 1916 to extend to married men.

Conscientious Objectors (COs)

Split into three groups - pacifists (Quakers), socialists, and absolutists.

VAD

Voluntary Aid Detachments, where 80,000 women volunteered to serve as nursing assistants.

WAAC

Women's Army Auxiliary Corps.

WRNS

Women's Royal Naval Service.

WRAF

Women's Royal Air Force.

WLA

Women's Land Army, created to persuade women to work on farms.

Edith Cavell

A nurse in German-occupied Belgium.

Battle of Marne

Fought by Germany on two fronts.

Western Front

Ran from the Belgian coast to the Swiss border.

General Brusilov

Had success on the Eastern front in 1916.

ANZACS

British Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.

Italy

Joined the war on the side of the Triple Entente in 1915, opening the Italian front.

GAS

German secret weapon used in 1915.

TANK

British secret weapon used in 1916.

USA

Entered the war in 1917.

Russia

Exited the war in 1917.

Bulgaria

Surrendered in September 1918.

Turkey

Surrendered in October 1918.

Austria-Hungary

Surrendered on November 4, 1918.

Germany

Surrendered on November 11, 1918, ending the war.

Trench systems

Consisted of at least 3 lines of trenches.

Barbed wire

Protected trenches and could be up to 30m deep.

Zigzag trenches

Designed to prevent enemy fire down the length and restrict the impact of explosions.

Saps

Trenches dug into No Man's Land for mining parties or enemy patrols.

No Man's Land

The land between enemy positions.

Machine guns

Capable of firing 450-600 rounds per minute.

Underground bunkers

Used for cover during artillery bombardments, up to 15m deep.

Aerial reconnaissance

Used to gather information about enemy attacks.

Soldier rotation

In any 32-day period, a soldier could spend 8 days in a front-line trench, 8 in a reserve trench, and 16 days away from the front.

Trench depth

In ideal circumstances, trenches could be 2.5 meters deep.

Christmas 1914

Agreed ceasefires along 2/3 of the front between the British and the Germans.

Fatigue duties

Routine duties such as replacing barbed wire, baling out trenches, and digging latrines.

Trench Foot

A condition where feet swell inside boots due to prolonged exposure to water.

Blighty One

A serious wound that would get a soldier sent home for treatment.

Barker

Sausages known as "barkers" due to the supposed high dog meat content.

Bung

Cheese known as "bung" because it caused constipation.