Cram chemistry

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Colour changes for metal ions in solutions (non acronym) - add sodium hydroxide to make a metal hydroxide

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  • Aluminium, calcium, magnesium: form white precipitate - dissolves when excess sodium hydroxide is added

  • Copper (II) forms blue precipitate

  • Iron (II) forms green precipitate

  • Iron (III) forms brown precipitate

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Test for carbonates

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Carbonates react with acid to produce carbon dioxide

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Colour changes for metal ions in solutions (non acronym) - add sodium hydroxide to make a metal hydroxide

  • Aluminium, calcium, magnesium: form white precipitate - dissolves when excess sodium hydroxide is added

  • Copper (II) forms blue precipitate

  • Iron (II) forms green precipitate

  • Iron (III) forms brown precipitate

2
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Test for carbonates

Carbonates react with acid to produce carbon dioxide

3
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Test for halide ions

Halide ions will produce a precipitate when mixed with silver nitrate and nitric acid

  • Chlorine - silver chloride - white precipitate

  • Silver bromide - cream

  • Silver iodide - yellow

4
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Test for sulphates

Form a white precipitate when mixed with Barium chloride and hydrochloric acid

5
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Instrumental methods

  • Accurate, Sensitive, Rapid

  • used in labs

  • Flame emission spectroscopy- involves analysing the wavelengths of light emitted from a flame which can be used to identify ions accurately