Mathematics Units Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and terms related to various units in mathematics, including symmetry, data probability, equations, and algorithms.

Symmetry

A property where a shape looks the same after a certain transformation, such as reflection or rotation.

Perimeter

The total distance around a two-dimensional shape.

Area

The measure of the surface enclosed within a shape.

Circumference

The distance around a circle.

HCF (Highest Common Factor)

The largest number that divides two or more numbers without leaving a remainder.

LCM (Lowest Common Multiple)

The smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by two or more numbers.

Transformations in the xy-plane

Operations that alter the position or size of a shape, including translations, reflections, and rotations.

Prime Decomposition

The process of breaking down a composite number into its prime factors.

Direct Proportion

A relationship where one quantity increases or decreases in direct relation to another quantity.

Ratio

A relationship between two numbers showing how many times the first number contains the second.

Sampling Techniques

Methods used to select individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

Mean

The average value of a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers by the count of the numbers.

Median

The middle value in a list of numbers ordered from least to greatest.

Mode

The number that appears most frequently in a set of data.

Probability

The likelihood of an event occurring, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

Equations

Mathematical statements expressing the equality of two expressions.

Dijkstra’s Algorithm

An algorithm used to find the shortest path between nodes in a graph.

Kruskal’s Algorithm

An algorithm that finds the minimum spanning tree for a connected weighted graph.