Human Body Systems and Functions

Flashcards covering vocabulary and concepts related to human body systems and functions.

Oxygen diffusion

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Processes form urine

Urine is formed through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Swelling of lymph nodes

Lymph nodes swell as they filter out pathogens and produce more white blood cells in response to infection.

Kidney stone movement

A kidney stone moves from the ureter to the bladder.

Filtration in the glomerulus

Blood plasma, including water, glucose, amino acids, ions, and urea, is filtered at the glomerulus.

Accessory glands of male reproductive system

The three accessory glands are seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

Glucagon production

If blood glucose is too low, the pancreas produces more glucagon.

Filtration location

Filtration occurs in the glomerulus.

Malfunctioning gland affecting metabolism

The thyroid gland may be malfunctioning if metabolism is off.

Chelation therapy

A process using chemical agents to bind lead for removal from the bloodstream.

Impulse travel from AV node

The impulse travels to the bundle of His, then to right and left bundle branches, and finally to the Purkinje fibers.

Insulin deficiency

If blood sugar is too high, the pancreas is not producing enough insulin.

Blood pressure source in systemic circuit

Blood pressure is generated by the pumping action of the left ventricle.

Hormones released under stress

The adrenal glands release adrenaline and cortisol during a stress response.

Consequence of no filtration

Without filtration, waste products would build up in the blood.

Substance entering nephron

A substance enters the nephron through the glomerulus via filtration.

Next step after distal convoluted tubule

Water and solutes in the distal convoluted tubule go to the collecting duct.

Breathalyzer function

A breathalyzer measures ethanol concentration in the breath, correlating with blood alcohol content.

Hormone secreted by corpus luteum

Progesterone is secreted at its highest levels during corpus luteum formation.

Sperm travel path

Sperm in the vas deferens travels to the urethra for ejaculation.

Vessels around nephron

Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta wrap around the nephron.

Misleading term of ovulation

Ovulation refers to the release of an oocyte but is part of a complex hormonal process.

Pituitary gland hormone impact

The pituitary gland's hormones affect production in the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads.

Source of carbon dioxide in alveoli

Carbon dioxide comes from the capillaries around the alveoli after cellular metabolism.

Childhood gland absent in adults

The thymus gland is large in children but absent in adults.

Goiter cause

A goiter is typically caused by iodine deficiency.

Cells destroyed in Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes occurs when beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed.

Hormone causing white blood cell maturation

Thymosin, produced by the thymus, causes T cells to mature.

Hormones for milk production

Prolactin from the pituitary gland is responsible for milk production.

Diaphragm shape during inhalation

A dome-shaped diaphragm indicates exhalation.

Hormone opposing parathyroid hormone

Calcitonin acts in opposition to parathyroid hormone.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Sweating, nervousness, and weight loss may indicate thyroid gland malfunction.

Effect of hugging on hormones

A good hug increases oxytocin levels.

Hormone needed when muscle cells starved for energy

Glucagon is necessary to release glucose for energy.

Excess water removal process

Excess water in the collecting duct is removed through urination.

Composition of glomerulus

Blood plasma (without blood cells or large proteins) is filtered through the glomerulus.

Muscles contracting during exhalation

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax during exhalation.

Air pressure during exhalation

Air pressure inside the lungs is higher than outside during exhalation.

Air in alveoli after metabolism

Air high in carbon dioxide from alveoli is exhaled.

Oocyte transport after ovulation

The oocyte enters the fallopian tube after being released from the ovary.