Human Nutrition: Proteins

These flashcards cover essential concepts regarding the functions, sources, digestion, and health implications of proteins as discussed in the lecture.

What are the functions of protein in the body?

Proteins serve as structural materials, enzymes, hormones, transport proteins, and regulators of fluid balance, acid-base balance, and immunity, as well as providing energy and aiding in wound healing.

What distinguishes essential amino acids from nonessential amino acids?

Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet, whereas nonessential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.

What is denaturation in relation to proteins?

Denaturation refers to the physical changes in a protein's structure when exposed to abnormal conditions, leading to loss of function.

What is protein turnover?

Protein turnover is the continuous process of breaking down proteins and synthesizing new ones within the body.

What are the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for protein for adults?

The RDA for protein for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.

What health consequences arise from protein deficiency?

Health consequences of protein deficiency include malnutrition syndromes such as Kwashiorkor and Marasmus, characterized by symptoms like edema, growth retardation, and severe weight loss.

How does the body utilize amino acids for energy?

Amino acids can be catabolized to produce energy when carbohydrate and fat intake are insufficient, but excessive use can compromise protein synthesis.

What factors influence protein's nutritional quality?

The nutritional quality of protein is influenced by its amino acid composition, digestibility, and how well it is absorbed by the body.

What is the significance of the PDCAAS?

The PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score) is a measure of protein quality that considers both the amino acid profile of a food and how well it is digested.

What dietary considerations should vegetarians and vegans keep in mind for protein intake?

Vegetarians and vegans need to be mindful of acquiring all essential amino acids from high-quality plant sources, as some essential amino acids may be deficient in plant proteins.