Human anatomy Unit 1, Chapter 2

3 basic parts of the human cell

plasma, cytoplasm, nucleus

Fuctions of the cell membrane

Communication, intercellular connection, physical barrier, selective permeability

two types of membrane transport

passive, active

passive transport

doesn’t need energy, moves high to low

Active trasport

requires energy, moves high to low

simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

passive transport mechanisms

osmosis

the diffusion of water

facilitated diffusion

transports porteins, help move molecules across membrane

active transport

requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the cell membrane

phagocytosis

nonspecific uptake of particles by fronton of membrane extensions, that surround and engulf particles

pinocytosis

nonspecific uptake of cellular fluid

cytosol

fluid containing water and many dissolved substances

organelles

structures in cells that preform specific functions

smooth er

synthesis, transport, storage, detoxification of poisons

Rough ER

recieves newly synthesized proteins from ribosomes, modifyes, secreted

Golgi apparatus

receives material from er for modification, sorting, and packing

lysosomes

digit and remove waste and damaged cells

Peroxisomes

detoxify harmful molecules in a cell, abundant in liver cells

ribosomes

protein synthesis

cytoskeleton

structural support, cell division, movement

cilia

moves objects such as mucus

flagella

longer that Celia, whiplike tails

nucleus

control center for cellular activity

nucleolus

makes ribosomes

chromatin

DNA associated proteins exist here, helps cell division