1.4-Cell Theory and Structure

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary related to cell theory and cell structure.

Cell Theory

A fundamental concept in biology that states all living organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Robert Hooke

The scientist who first described cells in 1665 after observing cork under a microscope.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the cell membrane, providing structural support and regulating substance movement.

Nucleus

The cell structure that stores genetic material (DNA) and coordinates cell activities like growth and reproduction.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like fluid inside the cell that holds organelles in place and consists of cytosol and organelles.

Mitochondria

Cell structures known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis; includes rough ER and smooth ER.

Golgi Apparatus

The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Ribosomes

The sites of protein synthesis where genetic instructions are translated into proteins.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cell movement.

Cell Wall

A rigid structure that provides support and protection in plant cells, made of cellulose; not present in animal cells.

Cell Division

The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells, including mitosis and meiosis.

Cell Communication

The process by which cells communicate through chemical signals and receptors to coordinate functions.