AP World History ch 12

Trade Networks of the Hellenistic Era

Connected regions including the Mediterranean, Near East, South Asia, and parts of East Africa, facilitating the exchange of goods and cultural ideas.

Trade in the Hellenistic World

Flourished due to extensive maritime and overland routes, transcending geographic boundaries and cultural barriers.

Exports from India

Known for exporting spices, textiles, and precious stones, highly sought after in international markets.

Exports from the Mediterranean

Included wine, olive oil, and manufactured goods, in high demand throughout trade networks.

Imports in Rhapta

Goods imported from Arabia and the eastern Mediterranean included textiles, metals, and pottery, contributing to the local economy.

Exports from Rhapta

Included ivory, gold, and slaves, highlighting its role as a vital trade hub in the Indian Ocean trade network.

Silk Roads Stretch

Linked China through Central Asia to the Mediterranean, fostering cross-cultural exchanges.

Items on the Silk Roads

Included silk, porcelain, and paper from China; spices, gems, and textiles from India; horses and livestock from Central Asia; glassware, wine, and olive oil from Rome.

Spreading of Buddhism and Hinduism

Enabled by trade along the Silk Roads, allowing ideas and missionaries to spread with merchants.

Spread of Buddhism

Reached Central Asia, China, Korea, and Southeast Asia, developing diverse interpretations.

Spread of Hinduism

Found its way into Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia and Thailand, through trade and cultural interactions.

Spread of Christianity

Reached the eastern Mediterranean, North Africa, and parts of Europe, driven by missionary activity and trade.

Mechanism of Christianity's Spread

Through apostles, traders, and travelers, often gaining footholds in urban centers.

Prophet Mani

Founder of Manichaeism, a syncretic religion merging elements from various faiths.

Religions blended in Manichaeism

Combined Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Buddhism into a comprehensive spiritual system.

Manichaean Ethics

Emphasized a dualistic worldview of light (good) and dark (evil), influencing followers towards asceticism.

Diseases on the Silk Roads

Infectious diseases traveled along trade routes, impacting connected populations.

Empires Affected by Epidemics

Included the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty, leading to demographic and socio-economic changes.

Effects of Epidemics

Resulted in labor shortages, economic decline, and social instability, weakening strong empires.

Internal Problems in Han China

Included corruption, factionalism, and peasant unrest, eroding central authority.

Major Peasant Rebellion

The Yellow Turban Rebellion reflected widespread discontent among the peasantry.

Han Emperor as a "Mere Puppet"

By 190 CE, the Han emperor was manipulated by regional warlords.

Nomadic Adaptation in Disunity

Nomadic peoples adopted agriculture and integrated into Chinese culture during disunity.

Confucian Tradition During Disunity

Faced decline as societal structures weakened, challenging Confucian ideals.

Internal Problems in Rome

Included political corruption, economic instability, and social unrest.

Diocletian's Split of the Roman Empire

Attempted to stabilize the empire by dividing it into Eastern and Western Roman Empires.

Constantine's Capital Move

Moved the capital to Byzantium (Constantinople) for strategic positioning.

Invasion of Rome

The city fell to invasions by the Visigoths and other barbarian groups.

Survival of the Eastern Empire

The Byzantine Empire thrived for another millennium after the sack of Rome in 410 CE.

Constantine's Support for Christianity

Endorsed Christianity, convened the First Council of Nicaea, and granted it imperial favor.

Development of the New Testament

Compiled writings and gospels solidifying early Christian theological concerns.

Hierarchy of Church Officials

Evolved into distinct roles, including bishops, priests, and deacons, organizing the Christian community.

Confucianism

A philosophical and ethical system based on Confucius's teachings, emphasizing moral integrity and social relationships.

Analects

A collection of sayings attributed to Confucius, focusing on morality and governance.

Daoism

A tradition emphasizing harmony with the Dao, promoting simplicity and spontaneity.

Legalism

A belief in strong centralized authority and law to maintain societal order.

Filial Piety

A key virtue in Confucianism emphasizing respect and duty towards parents and ancestors.

Sparta

An ancient Greek city-state known for its military-oriented society and rigorous training.

Athens

Celebrated for its intellectual achievements and early democracy, valuing art and philosophy.

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