10 m and 8 m

how is ciceros camp shown to be desperate

Caesar starts off by describing the immediate problems facing Cicero. The doublet of comparatives ‘gravior atque asperior’ (more serious and more rough) describing the attack show how the Gauls’ efforts are growing.

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 He then emphasises the effect that this is having in camp, using the contrast of ‘magna parte’ and ‘paucitatem’ (great part… shortage): the great part describes the wounded soldiers out of action and the shortage describes the number of soldiers available for the defence.



 



Caesar constructs this sentence using the correlatives ‘quanto … tanto’ (the more… the more), showing how as the attacks grow worse, the number of letters and messengers increases proportionately. This helps to emphasise the growing desperation.



We are then told that some of these messengers are caught and killed in the sight of Cicero’s soldiers: cum cruciatu necabantur . This act of terror would demoralise the soldiers both by forcing them to see friends tortured and killed without being able to help, but also because Cicero’s men see chances of help disappearing.



 



Then Vertico is introduced, providing a solution. The ‘unus’ (one man) perhaps helps to suggest how slim this chance is, and only at the end of the sentence are we sure that he is going to be helpful when we learn that ‘suamque ei fidem praestiterat’ (he had proved his loyalty to him).



 



The desperation of the situation is clear from the size of the rewards he has to promise his slave, the hyperbaton of ‘magnis… praemiis’ helping to emphasise this, and the historic present ‘persuadet (he persuaded) drawing us in to the events.



 



When the news reaches Caesar , the message is described as ‘de periculis Ciceronis legionisque’ (about the dangers of Cicero and the legion) – a simple summary focused entirely on the difficulties.

describes quintus is not the problem - humanissime - approval

balance of tu.. ego - seems to give a sense fairness and considerateness to ciceros request

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“nihil potuit … dulcius idque cum verbis tum etiam animo ac vultu” (nothing could be gentler and that in his words and also in his tone and face). ‘nihil’ is hyperbolic to make his point, and the comparative ‘dulcius’ shows that he approves of his brother’s behaviour. The triplet ‘verbis .. animo ac vultu’ further emphasises that there is no possible grounds for criticism.

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starts wit at to describe pomponia’s behaviour - introducing the contrast - showing his dissaproval of pomponia’s actions

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. He then tells us ‘audientibus nobis’ (while we were listening), showing that he disapproves not only of what Pomponia said, but also the fact that she was rude to her husband in front of others. Pomponia says ‘ego ipsa sum.. hic hospita’ (I’M the host here), and the emphatic ‘ipsa’ seems to give her a petulant tone.



Cicero then reports that Quintus says ‘en .. haec ego patior cotidie’ (look – this is what I put up with every day). The delayed position of ‘cotidie’ helps to emphasise this word, and therefore that this is not a one-off problem.

Cicero then imagines the question of Atticus who might not think this was a big deal, and Cicero replies emphatically ‘magnum’ (it was a big deal

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me ipsum

alliterative doublet - shock and emph her rudeness

another alliterative doublet, saying it was ‘verbis vultuque (in her words and her speech), deliberately repeating the phrase used of Quintus earlier for contrast. The final short sentence ‘dissimulavi dolens’ (I hid that I was upset) is emphasised by the alliteration of ‘d’, and the fact that Cicero covers up his upset contrasts with Pomponia’s public scene described earlier.

10 marker how do they bring characters to life

pullo - skillful fighting strategies

pullo - lets his desires get in the way - risks his life for promotion

taunting vorenus

both desire for promotion

rivalry- familiar dynamic

vorenus is shown to have a competitive, yet kind character

moral compass both

both have impressive skill and battle techiques

caesar 2 - unique perspectives within the story - certain soldiers, slaves, gauls ect.

vivid descriptions

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boudicca passionate speech

suetonius motivational speech

vivid imagery of the battle and tactics

pomponia is depicted as petty and childish- immature

pity for cicero brings his character to life

resilient character

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how do the romans view foreigners

some nobility- given a voive -B gets a good speech. Describes the wrongs done to the Britons



Lack of care/respect- B says that Rs took away british wealth and freedom, beat her and raped her daughters

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Have different views to them - B says that Britons often led by a woman

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Capable of victories over Romans- B says the one legion that fought has lost

Military inefficiency- S says their army is unwarlike, unarmed. All noise and empty threats of barbarins



british forces arent allsoldiersp- Tacitus gives as result of battle: 80K britons died, 400 R soldiers dead

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does not respect boudicca- dismisses her life in a single sentance

respect for culture- c and cicero know greek letters

can be trusted and loyal- vertico

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no mention in cicero

how is caesar 1 made exciting

the intense rivalry between pullo and vorenus- endless disputes and they go to the furthest measure to prove themselves as pullo charges into the part of the enemy that seems the thickest. This creates high stakes as the reader wants to find out who will be triumphant. pullo daunting vorenus- portrays pullo as brave and vorenus as cowardly= upper hand , makes the reader want to see if the=is will continue

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pullo in action - peirces one many running out of the crowd. The vivid imagery emphasises thisVorenus interacts in hand on hand compat as we ar rols he manages the situation with his sword

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the turn in events as the once rivals help eachother. Pulolo is impeded and his enemy vorenus runs to his aid and helps him.

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We are equally told that the enemy thought that pullo was dead. This makes the peice exciting as it alludes to the fact that he isn’t and the reader foresees the possibility that he might come and save vorenus.

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Finally we are told that both men return safely and it could not be decided which of the men seemed to be preffered than the other. This triumph for both men is exciting as it is a complete contrast to the beginning of the story.

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Caesar 2- how is it made exciting

Depiction of the helplessness of cicero’s men. Some messengers sent to Caesar where caught and in the sight of our men killed. This demoralising act conveys the perils of the camp and the vivid image makes it engaing to the reader.

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The anticipation created by the high stakes depending on the slave persuade by vertico with the hope of freedom and great prizes , engages the reader. Once we leaarn that he gets to caesar as a gaul among gauls without any suspicion, there is a sense of releif and excitement.

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CAesar sens a letter written in greek letters so that our plans would not be discovered by the enemy. The inclusive language here, by parting the reader with the romans and there struggles and journeys, interests and excites the reader. Caesar’s ingenuity is also very impressive and we want the letter to be received safely.

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When the spear by chance gets stuck on a tower and is not spotted by cicero’s men for two days, this creates anticipation as the desperation of the romans lies in the hands of fortune. We are then immediately told how on the third day the javelin was noticed and taken down, this quick change in events is exciting.

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The final image of smoke of flames being seen afar by cicero’s joyful troops, leaves the reader in suspense as they wonder whether caesar will save cicero and his men.

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tacitus makes the peice exciting

Tacitus provides equally impressive and motivational speeaches from both S and B . Boudicca fires up her troops by stirring outrage as she lists the ruthless acts of the romans such as leaving no bodies, not even old age or virginity unpolluted. Suetonius motivates his troops by portraying the britons as weak as they will fall as sson as they see thei conqueres, having been routed so often.

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B + S speeches also sharply contast one another, leaving the reader in anticpation of who will win and whose claims were right . Bouddica says that the romans cannot een bear their shouts and clamour, still less their blows and charges , and suetonius directly contradicts this saying that the romans should not be frightened of the noises and empty threats of barbarians.

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The battle is made exciting as the reader is kept in supsense to see whether the tactics of the romans being in an unmoved position and keeping to narrow places will pay off and minimize the britons numeric advantage. Therefore when the romans burst out like a wedge, the image created is very exciting as we are prepared for the devastating and sudden attack to follow.

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We are told that the romans are ruthless with their conquering through the vivid imagery of the baggae animals, skewered by missiles, increasing the pile of bodies. This devastating and brutal image engages the reader.

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Tacitus then talks about how 8000 britons fell, and about 400 soldiers died. The contarst in numbers emphasises the total victory of the romans.

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cicero - how is it made exciting

Firstly the whole peice is engaging to the reader due to it being a letter. The informal and personal tone , introduces the reader to colloquial latin which is interesting to the reader. refers to the reader as you.

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Cicero list his intentions of his letters such as to appease him as a brother, advise him as a junior , rebuke him as one doing wrong. This excites the reader as they want to read on to see whether this will change his attitude and resolve their marital struggles

The tables then turn as at first quintus is said to be rather bitter and then pomponia seems to be the problem as she is rough and irrational in her responses and cicero tries to hide his upsetness.

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Pomponia’s petulence and dramatics is also engaging to the reader. She seems to overact to cicero’s very considerate request as she embarrasses him in front of everyone. This awkard moment experienced as witness of their marital dispute is exciting.

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Equally the direct speech throughout cicero is engaging to the reader, expressing the story more vividly and immersing the reader. For instance Pomponia sya i myself am the stranger here and her dramatics is emphasised by the speech.

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Pomponia’s immaturity continues as she reject the plates sent from the table by quintus, who is very kind and even though he has to put up with this everyday. This leads to the reader feeling fustrated by pomponia and feel pity for cicero.

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Finally the letter ends with pomponia continuing to be unreasonable and her being in the same sort of mood as when cicero saw her. By leaving the letter at this, the reader wants to be able to read another letter to see whther their marital problems resolve.

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