#5 Basics of Chemistry Study Guide

MINERALS

Minerals are INORGANIC substances.

MATTER!!

Is/are anything that occupies space, has mass, and has physical and chemical properties.

COMPOUND MOLECULES

Chemical comminations of two or more atoms of different elements.

In which state does matter have volume but no definite shape?

LIQUID

OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

Are referred to as a REDOX reaction

EXOTHERMIC

Chemical reactions that release heat.

PURE SUBSTANCE

Aluminum foil is an example of a pure substance.

PHYSICAL MIXTURE

Is a combination of TWO OR MORE substances united physically in any proportions without a fixed composition.

PHYSICAL MIXTURE

Concrete is an example of a physical mixture

MISCIBLE

Substances that are easy to mix together.

SOLUTE

Any substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a solution.

EMULSION

Mayonnaise is an example of EMULSION.

LIPOPHILIC

The oil loving tail of a surfactant molecule.

DISTILLATION

When hard water is softened by distillation water softening units, or by adding sodium carbonate.

ION

An atom or molecule that CARRIES AN ELECTRIC CHARGE.

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

ONLY aqueous solutions have PH

ALKALIS

Has a PH above 7.0 and soften and swell the hair.

BALANCING SHAMPOO

Washes away excess oiliness while keeping the hair from drying out?

NEUTRALIZING SHAMPOO

Helps to rebalance and restore the PH level of the hair by removing unwanted residues that remain in the hair after chemically relaxing the hair.

MEDICATED SHAMPOO

Contains anti fungal agents to suppress the growth of Malassezia.

INSTANT CONDITIONERS

ARE RINSE OUT CONDITIONERS.

SOAPS

Are made by mixing plant oil or animal fats with strong alkaline substances.

HUMECTANT

Ingredients in moisturizing creams that creates a barrier that allows the natural water and oil of the skin to accumulate in the tissue.

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION

Used as a bleaching agent for the hair in solutions of 20 to 40 VOLUME.

SILICONES

A special type of oil that does not cause comedones.