WHAP - Chapter 3 and 4

Which of the following classical religions and philosophies focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and its relationship to human life?

Confucianism

Zoroastrianism most probably influenced which of the following philosophical or religious traditions?

Judaism

Buddhism and Hinduism are similar in that they both

offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.

Which of the following systems of thought provided inspiration for the harsh reunification of China under Qin Shihuangdi?

Legalism

A follower of Daoism would

withdraw from politics

Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian idea that can be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

The concepts of heaven and hell

Which cultural tradition is particularly noted for its emphasis on logic and relentless questioning of received wisdom, without giving much role to the gods?

Greek philosophy

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era?

Confidence in human reason

Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 B.C.E.?

All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe

Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society?

The civil service examination was based on Confucian texts

Which of the following may have played a role in the decline of Buddhism in India?

Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism.

Both the Buddha and Jesus

were transformed by their followers into gods.

In the four centuries following Jesus's death, Christianity

excluded women from leadership roles in the church

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism, as understood by Chinese elites?

Daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather than contradictory

Which of the following is considered a sacred text of Hinduism

Upanishads

Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?

The religious authority of the brahmins

In contrast to the Theravada Buddhism, the Mahayana version portrayed the Buddha as a

god.

What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism share in common?

A secular approach to understanding the world

Which one of the following represents a way that Greek scholarship influenced the world?

Greek texts were translated into Arabic and stimulated Muslim intellectuals.

What did Confucius, Zarathustra, and Siddhartha Gautama share in common?

They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions.

What did Buddhism and Christianity have in common?

They both started out as an effort to reform the religions from they which they had come, but soon emerged as separate religions.

Disagreements over the meaning of the Buddha's teachings led to

a proliferation of difference sects, practices, and meditation techniques.

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were associated with

Greek rationalism.

Which of the following inferences can be made based on Map 4.1 in the textbook?

Christianity established a presence in Asia, but Buddhism did not take hold in Europe.

Which one of the following reflects a rule of conduct Jesus encouraged people to follow?

"Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you."

Which of the following belief systems focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and its relationship to human life?

A) Confucianism

B) Buddhism

C) Zoroastrianism

D) Christianity

A) Confucianism

Some elements of Zoroastrianism found expression in which of the following philosophical or religious traditions?

A) Daoism

B) Confucianism

C) Judaism

D) Hinduism

C) Judaism

Buddhism and Hinduism are similar because they both

A) rejected the religious authority of the Brahmins.

B) rejected the concept of karma.

C) offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.

D) promoted monotheism.

C) offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth

Which of the following systems of thought proclaimed that a system of rewards and punishment was the most effective way to govern people?

A) Confucianism

B) Daoism

C) Buddhism

D) Legalism

D) Legalism

Which of the following actions would a follower of Daoism take?

A) Engage in public life

B) Withdraw from politics

C) Pursue higher education

D) Work for social change

B) Withdraw from politics

Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian idea that can be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

A) The concepts of heaven and hell

B) The idea of Brahman (World Soul)

C) The notion of reincarnation

D) The unity of opposites

A) The concepts of heaven and hell

Which of the following groups emphasized argument, logic, reason, and questioning of received wisdom?

A) Confucian scholars

B) Greek thinkers

C) Daoist philosophers

D) Zoroastrian rulers

B) Greek thinkers

The cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu lies at the heart of which religion?

A) Buddhism

B) Hinduism

C) Judaism

C) Judaism

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era?

A) Reverence for organized religion

B) Confidence in human reason

C) Respect for received wisdom

D) Deference to established authority

C) Respect for received wisdom

Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 B.C.E.?

A) All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe.

B) All played down the value of humankind and glorified the natural world.

C) All drew on rational and secular explanations of the universe.

D) All favored communal ritual as the means to organize human society.

A) All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe.

Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society?

A) Confucianism was adopted as the state religion of China.

B) Confucianism placed a high value on education and ritual.

C) Confucianism encouraged individualistic values.

D) Confucianism challenged social and gender hierarchies.

A) Confucianism was adopted as the state religion of China.

Which of the following contributed to the decline of Buddhism in India?

A) Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism.

B) India failed to establish Buddhist monasteries.

C) Buddhism was suppressed by Emperor Ashoka.

D) There was too much competition from Confucianism.

A) Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism.

Which of the following experiences did both the Buddha and Jesus share?

A) They were transformed by their followers into gods.

B) They were persecuted by Zoroastrian rulers.

C) They traveled to Africa to spread their religion.

D) They allied themselves with religious authorities.

A) They were transformed by their followers into gods.

Which of the following reflects a view of women found in Confucianism, Hinduism, and Christianity?

A) Women should obey men.

B) Women are better rulers.

C) Women are a source of goodness.

D) Women should be enslaved.

A) Women should obey men.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism as understood by Chinese elites?

A) Daoism is an offshoot of Confucianism that develops the mystical elements inherent in Confucius's teachings.

B) Daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather than contradictory.

C) Most Confucians dismissed Daoism as meaningless superstition.

D) Most Daoists despised Confucians because their policies fostered cosmic chaos.

D) Most Daoists despised Confucians because their policies fostered cosmic chaos.

Which of the following is a text associated with Hinduism?

A) Daodejing

B) Lessons for Women

C) Analects

D) Bhagavad Gita

D) Bhagavad Gita

Which of the following is a central feature of the Hindu notion of karma?

A) Moksha (liberation)

B) Atman (soul)

C) Nirvana (enlightenment)

D) Samsara (rebirth)

D) Samsara (rebirth)

Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?

A) The idea that ordinary life is an illusion

B) The practice of meditation and prayer

C) The religious authority of the Brahmins

D) The goal of overcoming the demands of the ego

C) The religious authority of the Brahmins

In contrast to Theravada Buddhism, the Mahayana version portrayed the Buddha as a

A) god.

B) teacher.

C) priest.

D) bodhisattva.

A) God

Which of the following refers to a feature of the conception of the divine found in Judaism?

A) A view of heaven as a state in which individual identity is extinguished

B) An understanding of God as engaged in history and demanding social justice

C) A notion that primal unitary energy creates divine reality

D) A principle of the way of nature underlies everything and never changes

A) A view of heaven as a state in which individual identity is extinguished

What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism have in common?

A) A fervent belief in the supernatural

B) A diverse pantheon of gods

C) A monotheistic perspective on religion

D) A secular approach to understanding the world

D) A secular approach to understanding the world

Which one of the following represents a way that Greek scholarship influenced the world?

A) Greek learning was incorporated into Confucianism, creating a hybrid philosophy.

B) Greek knowledge became a central element in an emerging "Eastern" civilization.

C) Greek texts were translated into Arabic and stimulated Muslim intellectuals.

D) Greek ideas entered India and were absorbed into Hinduism.

C) Greek texts were translated into Arabic and stimulated Muslim intellectuals.

What did Confucius, Zarathustra, and Siddhartha Gautama have in common?

A) They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions.

B) Their teachings had a sharp social and political edge.

C) They criticized the hypocrisies of the powerful.

D) They all spoke on behalf of the poor and oppressed.

A) They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions.

What did Buddhism and Christianity have in common?

A) They both ultimately died out in the land of their birth as their ideas were absorbed into other religious traditions.

B) They both started out as an effort to reform the religions from they which they had come but soon emerged as separate religions.

C) They were both associated with a particular people and territory, and denied salvation to outsiders.

D) Neither ever became an active missionary religion and did not spread widely beyond the region of their birth.

A) They both ultimately died out in the land of their birth as their ideas were absorbed into other religious traditions.

Which of the following statements reflects the state of Christianity by 500 C.E.?

A) It was clear to all that the future of Christianity would be in Europe.

B) States questioned the political loyalty of Christian converts and adopted a policy of religious persecution.

C) Christianity became more unified as it spread, with Rome as its undisputed center.

D) Christianity was endorsed by states in Europe and North Africa.

D) Christianity was endorsed by states in Europe and North Africa.

Disagreements over the meaning of the Buddha's teachings led to

A) clear-cut distinctions between "right" and "wrong" ideas.

B) a series of councils that resulted in the standardization of Buddhism.

C) a proliferation of different sects, practices, and meditation techniques.

D) the development of a religious hierarchy headed by the orthodox church.

C) a proliferation of different sects, practices, and meditation techniques.

How did Christianity change in the first 500 years since its emergence?

A) The egalitarian small house churches during Jesus's lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian church.

B) Christianity changed from a religion of ritual and sacrifice to one of devotion and worship of many gods.

C) Christianity evolved from philosophical reflections on the meaning of life to a fascination with the supernatural.

D) Reason replaced faith as the means of discovering the truth about the universe, resulting in the emergence of Protestantism.

A) The egalitarian small house churches during Jesus's lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian church.

Which of the following included a distinctively supernatural dimension?

A) Greek rationalism

B) Mahayana Buddhism

C) Legalism

D) Judaism

B) Mahayana Buddhism

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were associated with

A) the Vedas.

B) Zoroastrianism.

C) Legalism.

D) Greek rationalism.

D) Greek rationalism.

Persian political organization included which of the following features?

A) An emperor who was merely a figurehead

B) A satrap who governed each province

C) A civil service examination system

D) A written constitution with a bill of rights

B) A satrap who governed each province

Which of the following was a unique feature of political life in classical Greece?

A) The granting of limited political rights to slaves

B) The extension of political citizenship to foreigners

C) The idea of free male citizens running the affairs of state

D) The universal right to vote for all men and women above the age of sixteen

C) The idea of free male citizens running the affairs of state

Solon brought which of the following reforms to Athens after 594 B.C.E.?

A) The abolition of the system of indentured servitude

B) The creation of debt slavery as a way of helping the poor pay off loans

C) The right of all citizens to participate in the Assembly

D) Limited political rights for elite Athenian women

C) The right of all citizens to participate in the Assembly

What did the Persian Empire share in common with classical Greece in 500 B.C.E.?

A) Both had a centralized political system.

B) Both were expansive civilizations.

C) Both possessed a strong sense of citizenship.

D) Both were ethnically homogenous.

B) Both were expansive civilizations.

In contrast to the Persian Empire, the political culture of classical Greek civilization

A) emphasized the absolute power of the monarch.

B) allowed for the participation of women in politics.

C) featured popular participation in politics.

D) relied heavily on satraps to administer its states.

C) featured popular participation in politics.

A major development that occurred during the Hellenistic era was

A) Sparta's defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War.

B) the spread of Greek culture throughout most of the ancient world.

C) the Mongol conquest of Europe, North Africa, and Asia.

D) the expansion of the Roman Empire to its greatest height.

B) the spread of Greek culture throughout most of the ancient world.

Which of the following represents a defining characteristic of an empire?

A) A state that forms as a democratic republic but is eventually seized and ruled over by a single ruler

B) A state formed through conquest and maintained through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples

C) A single ethnic group with a single language, religion, and identity

D) A conglomeration of independent states that form temporary alliances

B) A state formed through conquest and maintained through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples

Which of the following was true of both the Roman and the Chinese empires?

A) They exhausted themselves through frequent wars with India.

B) They invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule.

C) They evolved from republics into empires ruled by tyrants.

D) Their economies relied heavily on foreign slave labor.

B) They invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule.

The Persian Empire and the Mauryan dynasty were similar because both

A) lasted longer than any other second-wave civilization.

B) adopted Christianity as the official religion.

C) relied on imperial spies for information about distant provinces.

D) ultimately evolved into republican governments.

C) relied on imperial spies for information about distant provinces.

Which of the following was a motivation for the expansion of the Roman Empire?

A) The wealth of the eastern Mediterranean societies

B) The desire to stop the spread of Buddhism

C) The rejection of Greek culture and philosophy

D) The weakness of the Persian Empire

A) The wealth of the eastern Mediterranean societies

Which of the following was a characteristic of all classical empires?

A) There was equality under the law for all subjects.

B) Emperors were constrained by the Mandate of Heaven.

C) They all imposed a single religion and language for the empire.

D) They were powerful states capable of coercing resources from subjects.

D) They were powerful states capable of coercing resources from subjects.

Which foreign religious tradition was absorbed into China during the classical period?

A) Hinduism

B) The Isis cult

C) Buddhism

D) Christianity

C) Buddhism

When Germanic tribes entered into the western part of the Roman Empire, they

A) assimilated into Roman culture and lost their German identity.

B) ensured that slaves continued to make up a large portion of society.

C) rejected all of Roman culture and instead imposed their own culture.

D) produced a hybrid culture that drew on both Germanic and Latin elements.

D) produced a hybrid culture that drew on both Germanic and Latin elements.

Which of the following has been put forward to explain why empires were much less prominent in India than in China?

A) India's unparalleled cultural diversity

B) India's ethnically homogenous population

C) India's lack of a defined social structure

D) India's political unity under the caste system

A) India's unparalleled cultural diversity

In contrast to the Roman Empire, the process of empire formation in China

A) depended less on military force.

B) had precedents to follow.

C) created a new religious tradition.

D) took centuries to complete.

B) had precedents to follow.

Which of the following describes the Persian policy toward people with different cultural traditions who lived within the empire?

A) Taxation of those who continued to practice non-Persian traditions

B) Suppression and elimination of non-Persian traditions

C) Respect and tolerance for non-Persian traditions

D) Forced assimilation to the Persian way of life

C) Respect and tolerance for non-Persian traditions

Which of the following was a consequence of the Greco-Persian Wars?

A) The decline of Athenian democracy

B) The end of the Golden Age of Greek culture

C) The Greek settlement of Ionia

D) The notion of an east/west divide

D) The notion of an east/west divide

Which of the following was a major avenue for the spread of Greek culture during the Hellenistic Era?

A) Cities

B) Rivers

C) Chariots

D) Oceans

A) Cities

Which of the following represents a value of the Roman Republic, idealized as the way of the ancestors?

A) Aristocratic privilege

B) Rule of law

C) Liberty

D) Benevolence

B) Rule of law

Which of the following is an example of the centralization of the Chinese state under Qin Shihuangdi?

A) Establishment of the Senate, consuls, and public assemblies

B) Participation of the lower classes in shaping public policy

C) Standardization of weights, measures, and currency

D) Elimination of the institutions of the tribune and satrapy

C) Standardization of weights, measures, and currency

Which of the following expresses the basic difference between what the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty believed was the key to good government?

A) The Roman Empire empowered the bureaucracy, while the Han dynasty empowered the people.

B) The Roman Empire depended on a merit-based system of political recruitment, while the Han dynasty limited political office to the aristocracy.

C) The Roman Empire believed in the separation of church and state, while the Han dynasty made religion the basis of government.

D) The Roman Empire emphasized good laws, while the Han dynasty emphasized good men.

A) The Roman Empire empowered the bureaucracy, while the Han dynasty empowered the people.

In contrast to what followed after the collapse of the Han dynasty in China, the collapse of the Roman Empire

A) led to decentralized political systems.

B) caused an increase in population growth.

C) ushered in a new phase of stability.

D) produced a culturally homogenous civilization.

A) led to decentralized political systems.

In what respect did India's political history resemble that of Western Europe?

A) Both enjoyed long periods of peace and stability under republican forms of government.

B) Both created enduring civilizations in the absence of a consistent, encompassing imperial state.

C) Both expanded into North Africa and pursued a policy of assimilation toward conquered peoples.

D) Both possessed a high degree of ethnic homogeneity that found expression in a centralized state.

B) Both created enduring civilizations in the absence of a consistent, encompassing imperial state.

Which of the following represents a period during which most of the South Asian subcontinent was unified under a single imperial state?

A) Han dynasty

B) Roman Empire

C) Mauryan Empire

D) Persian Empire

C) Mauryan Empire

The conquests of which leader contributed to the widespread dissemination of Greek culture during the Hellenistic era?

A) Qin Shihuangdi

B) Trung Trac

C) Caesar Augustus

D) Alexander the Great

D) Alexander the Great

Athens' leadership in which event launched Athens on a path to establish its dominance over other city-states in the region?

A) Greco-Persian Wars

B) Peloponnesian War

C) Pax Romana

D) Punic Wars

A) Greco-Persian Wars

Which of the following had a weak tradition of rule by monarchs?

A) Rome

B) China

C) India

D) Athens

D) Athens

Which of the following had an important influence on the Chinese imperial state?

A) Democracy

B) Republicanism

C) Legalism

D) Caste system

C) Legalism

When the Roman Empire disintegrated in 476 C.E., the eastern part of the empire came to be known as the

A) Holy Roman Empire.

B) Byzantine Empire.

C) Gupta Empire.

D) Persian Empire.

B) Byzantine Empire.