Bio 203 module 2

body fluid (BF)

extracellular fluid (unless stated otherwise)

concentration

# molecules of solute/volume or mass of solvent

passive process/transport

process/transport that does not require the input of energy

hydrophobic solutes

solutes that diffuse through membranes

hydrophilic solutes

solutes that diffuse through pores in membranes

Transmembrane channels (pores)

pores that provide pathways for movement of H2O and ions across the lipid bilayer.

active transport

transport that requires energy (ATP) and can move a substance against the concentration gradient.

osmosis

The process of water moving across the concentration gradient

colligative property

a property of solutions whose magnitude depends only upon the solute concentration and the nature of the solvent, but it is independent of the nature of the solution

isomotic

no net movement of solute

hypoosmotic

having a higher concentration of water -> water will move from that solution to the other

hyperosmotic

having a lower concentration of water -> water will move into that solution from the other

tonicity

the effect a solution has on a cell

hypotonic solution

water is entering the cell (ECF is hyposmotic relative to inside of the cell)

hypertonic solution

water is exiting the cell (ECF is hyperosmotic relative to inside of the cell)

osmolarity

is an index of water concentration → the higher the concentration of solutes, the lower the concentration of water

Osmoregulator

an animal that maintains a stable BFOC despite osmotic stress (ex. mammals)

Osmoconformer

an animal whose BFOC tracks environmental osmotic concentration

euryhaline

an animal that can survive over a wide range of environmental osmotic concentrations

stenohaline

an animal that can only tolerate a limited range of environmental concentrations

Transport epithelial cells

a specialized type of cell that forms a barrier between the body's interior and exterior, facilitating the directional movement (absorption or secretion) of substances like water, solutes, and proteins across the epithelial layer

transcellular transport

Movement of solutes (or water) through epithelial cells. Happens though integral proteins, channels, etc.

paracellular transport

Movement of solutes (or water) between adjacent cells

channel proteins

proteins that create a pore/channel in the membrane allowing things to move through

gated channels

channels that can open and close

open channels

channels that are open all the time

carrier proteins

proteins that fascilitate transport of things in and out of the cell without being a channel (clamshell style)

uniport carrier

facilitates transport of a molecule down its concentration gradient

symport carrier

two molecules traveling together

antiport carrier

one substance is coming in at the same time as another

passive transport

transport of substances down the concentration gradient (no energy required, only a way for substances to pass through the membrane

Active transport

transport that goes against the concentration gradient and requires ATP and a transmembrane carrier protein

simple diffusion

a type of passive transport that requires transmembrane channel proteins

fascilitated diffusion

a type of passive transport that requires transmembrane carrier proteins

primary active transport

 carrier protein is also an ATPase

secondary active transport

carrier protein is not an ATPase, requires cotransport