Pharmacology

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18 Terms

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Pharmacology
The study of the effect of drugs.
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Pharmacodynamics
The body's biological response to drugs.
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Pharmacokinetics
The movement of drugs through the body.
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Drugs
Substances that change the physiology of the body.
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Receptors
Molecules that activate or inactivate different processes in the body.
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Bioavailability
The rate and extent of absorption of unchanged drug from its dosage form into blood.
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First-pass metabolism
The process drugs undergo in the liver before reaching systemic circulation.
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Lipid solubility
The property that allows drugs to cross biological membranes more easily.
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pKa
The pH at which a molecule is 50% ionized and 50% non-ionized.
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Ion trapping
The phenomenon where the distribution of a drug varies due to its ionization state across different pH environments.
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Active transfer
The movement of substances across membranes that requires energy.
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Endocytosis
The process of engulfing large molecules by a cellular membrane, requiring energy.
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Bioequivalence
The situation in which different formulations of a drug have the same bioavailability.
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Phase I metabolism

Drug metabolism reactions involve modification of the drug's structure.

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Phase II metabolism
Drug metabolism reactions involving conjugation to make the drug more water-soluble.
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Cytochrome P450 isoforms

A group of enzymes important for drug metabolism. These enzymes catalyze oxidation reactions, playing a crucial role in the metabolism of various pharmaceuticals and toxins.

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Elimination half-life
The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to reduce by half.
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Renal elimination
The process of eliminating drugs or their metabolites through the kidneys.