Community final

The investigation revealed these students drinking water came from an underground water supply containing extra amounts of fluoride. For dental fluorosis to occur, the concentration of the fluoride in the water needed to be?

Greater than 2.0ppm

A retrospective study looks backward to investigate a group of people with a particular disease.

True

Which of the following tests can best measure the strength of the relationship between cigarette smoking and oral cancer lesions?

Correlation

The title xix program of the Social Security act provide provides medical assistance to specific groups of needy people is:

Medicaid

Providing weekend and evening hours in a dental practice is an example of

Improving patient accessibility

an individual seeking dental care is unable to locate a dentist who is willing to treat patients that do not speak English. Which of the following categories of barriers to dental care includes this concern?

Cultural barrier

When a subject involved in a study is simply affected by being a subject in the study. This phenomenon is known as.

The Hawthorne effect

in what state was the first community with fluoride in water?

Michigan

How much more fluoridated is the water and a school?

4-5x higher

When developing a community program plan, the evaluation methodology must be:

During the development of the program plan objectives

Fee scaled developed for all services

Fee for service

Payment is based on an office visit and is always the same regardless of services rendered

Co-payment

Dental provider contracts to provide services for a set yearly fee, regardless of the services needed

Capitation

Dental provider inpatient negotiate payment by exchanging goods or services instead of

Barter system

Factor preventing public access to dental healthcare is

Perceived need for dental care, inability to pay for services, availability of dental health care provider

at the contemplation of a program evaluations are routinely conducted to determine if the program was implemented, according to the plans procedures, and if the goals were met, which one of the following terms identifies this type of evaluation

Summative

The federal program designed to provide educational health and social services to preschool children

Headstart

A p value of 0.05 indicate what

a studies results are statistically significant, and the results are correct

an alpha error by definition is

Rejecting the null hypothesis, but is actually true and should have been accepted

An alpha error is also known as

Type I error

While still in the planning stages of your program you decide to survey the classroom teachers in order to determine their expectations about the program to help you in planning the program. What type of evaluation is this?

Formative evaluation

In a private practice setting, the dental status of a client is determined by a comprehensive examination. In the public health setting this evaluation would be

Needs assessment

What is the best way to reduce the risk of enamel fluorosis?

Monitor fluoride ingestion during a child’s first 6-8 yrs

Which acronym represents the health surveillance agency for the federal government that works to prevent the outbreak of diseases and monitor those that occur?

CDC

If a researcher is collecting information about a group and one category of information is gender: male/female. The resulting data falls into which scale of measurement?

Nominal

According to the stages of learning theory, if the learner has incomplete or inaccurate information regarding the health behavior, they are in which stage of the learning ladder?

Unawareness stage

A certain theoretical model of health behavior states that an individuals perceived susceptibility to a disease and the possible severity of that disease may influence a change in health behavior. This describes which theory of health behavior?

Health belief model

Which type of sampling has the greatest chance of introducing bias into a study?

Judgment sample

What public health preventive modality has its beginning traced to Dr. Fred, who discovered “Colorado brown stain” which we call fluorosis?

Community water fluoridation

A client enrolled in pre-payment plan and can receive care from any licensed Dennis. He chooses this best describes, which of the following practice

Open panel practice

To prioritize needs and plan appropriate treatment dental Hygiene class as a part of a community service project is asked to assess the periodontal health status of a group of recent immigrants a sustainable index to collect appropriate information is

Cpitn

Ranking students by their individual GPAs is an example of

Ordinal scale

Medicaid is a program that distributes funds for healthcare services provided to certain groups of people with low income and certain members of family with dependent children funding for this program comes from

Federal and state

New York State dental hygienist are legally allowed to administer black anesthesia under direct supervision

False

While reading the health section in the local newspaper, you learned that public health officials are predicting a serious increase and potentially deadly new virus for the winter spring season in the United States, which of the following terms best describes the situation as predicted in the newspaper article

Epidemic

Which of the following is not an ideal characteristic of a good index

Complex

The ability of a measure to accurately classify those with or without a disease

Sensitivity

The ability of an index to measure something consistently time after time refers to what

The reliability of the index

The science that deals with the incidents distribution and control of a health and disease in population is term

Epidemiology

all of these programs would be resources for payment and treating the children’s teeth at the Dentist Office, except one which one is the exception

Medicare

In a crossover study the period of time when two cohorts switched to the other treatment is know

Wash out

Prior to performing their assessments, the dental hygienist met with the student dental hygienist and conducted a calibration session and use of the PHP index they all learned the appropriate way to score the index what is this calibration intended for?

Interrater reliability

The hygienist utilize a mouth mirror, explore an adequate illumination to conduct the screenings. This is an example of which type of exam

Type III

Which of the following is an ideal characteristic of a good index?

Reliable

which group is the control?

Group without any instruction

What is the dependent variable in this study?

Plaque removal

What would be appropriate statistical task to compare the main scores of all three group

ANOVA

The most commonly occurring score for the manual toothbrushing group is 62. This represents which measure of biostatistical analysis

Mode

What index was used to identify success/failure of the project

Pfi