PTCB 26-27: Side Effects - Top 50

tetracyclines

enamel hypoplasia, photosensitivity, tooth discoloration

fluoroquinolones

tendon damage / rupture, QT prolongation, increased risk of seizures, GI upset

macrolides

GI upset, QT prolongation, ototoxicity at high doses

penicillins

hypersensitivity reactions

warfarin / heparin

increased risk of bleeding

corticosteroids

weight gain, increased risk of infection, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis

beta-2 agonists

tachycardia, palpitations, anxiety, tremor

beta-blockers

vivid dreams/nightmares, hypoglycemia, cold extremities, impotence in men

calcium channel blockers

constipation, ankle swelling, gum overgrowth, flushing, palpitations

nitrates

hypotension, flushing, headache, light-headaches

PDE5 inhibtors

hypotension, headache, flushing, nasal congestion

benzodiazepines

drowsiness, sedation, risk of tolerance and dependence

aspirin

Reye syndrome in children with viral infection, tinnitus at high doses, bronchospasm, GI irritation / risk of bleeding

opioid analgesics

constipation, miosis, nausea, dizziness, respiratory depression

proton-pump inhibitors

hypomagnesemia with long-term use, headache, GI disturbances, vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use

prostaglandin eye drops

blurred vision, conjunctival reddening, permanent eye color change

metronidazole

GI upset, hypersensitivity reactions, taste disturbances

metformin

lactic acidosis, GI upset, weight loss, metallic taste

methotrexate

mouth ulcers, bone marrow suppression, pulmonary fibrosis

allopurinol

skin rash

SSRI antidepressants

Gi upset, weight disturbances, increased risk of bleeding, serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation, hyponatremia

ACE inhibitors

hyperkalemia, persistent dry cough, hypotension

spironolactone

hyperkalemia, gynecomastia

loop diuretics

hypotension, hyperkalemia, dehydration, low electrolyte state, hearing loss/tinnitus, increased risk of gout

antipsychotic drugs

extrapyramidal effects, sedation, weight gain, lipid abnormalities, increased risk of diabetes, QT interval prolongation, sexual dysfunction, agranulocytosis

carbamazepine

GI upset, dizziness, ataxia, hyponatremia

cephalosporins

GI upset, antibiotic-associated colitis, increased risk of seizures, hypersensitivity reactions

clopidogrel

increased risk of bleeding, GI upset, thrombocytopenia

H2 receptor antagonists

bowel disturbances, headache, dizziness

H1 receptor antagonists

sedation, dizziness, GI upset

insulin

hypoglycemia

laxatives

abdominal pain/cramps, diarrhea, flatulence

nitrofurantoin

brown urine, GI upset, hypersensitivity reactions, peripheral neuropathy

phenazopyridine

orange urine

NSAIDs

increases risk of bleeding, increased risk of cardiovascular events, hypersensitivity reactions, fluid retention

estrogens / progestogens

irregular bleeding, mood disturbances, venous thromboembolism, increased risk of cervical cancer, increased risk of breast cancer

oxygen

discomfort from mask use, dry throat

phenytoin

gum overgrowth, nystagmus, hematological disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, skin coarsening, excessive hair growth

quinine

tinnitus, deafness, cinchonism, hypoglycemia, blindness

statins

headache, GI disturbances, muscle pain/myopathies, rhabdomyolysis, elevated liver enzymes, increased risk of diabetes

sulfonylureas

GI upset, hypoglycemia

thiazolidinediones

increased risk of bladder cancer, edema, dizziness, headache, hypoglycemia, bone fractures, anemia

levothyroxine

GI disturbances, palpitations, arrhythmias, tremor, insomnia

trimethoprim

GI upset, skin rash, hyperkalemia, megaloblastic anemia

valproate

GI disturbances, tremor, behavioral disturbances, hair loss, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia

vancomycin

red man syndrome/vancomycin flushing syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis, neutropenia

aminoglycosides

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Z-drugs

daytime sleepiness, rebound insomnia, CNS effects

5-alpha reductase inhibitors

impotence, reduced libido, gynecosmastia

bisphosphonates

esophagitis, hypophosphatemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical femoral fracture