Sport Psychology: Chapter 4

In a general sense, motivation can be defined as

the intensity and direction of one's effort

Attribution theory focuses on

how individuals explain their success and failure

In terms of emotional factors, high achievers focus on _______, whereas low achievers focus on ________.

pride; shame

Research indicates interesting cross-cultural differences in motives for participation. Which of these is FALSE?

a. U.S. youngsters are more intrinsically motivated than Korean youngsters.

b. Participants in Asian countries are more interdependent, whereas North Americans are more independent.

c. American youngsters are more motivated by competition, while Chinese youngsters are more motivated by social affiliation.

d. Chinese Americans are primarily motivated by travel and having fun.

e. U.S. children are primarily motivated to win, whereas German children are primarily motivated to please parents.

e. U.S. children are primarily motivated to win, whereas German children are primarily motivated to please parents.

Stable attributions are linked to

expectations of future success or failure

The results of the Sorrentino and Sheppard study have which of these practical implications?

The four fastest swimmers would not necessarily make the best relay team.

Rejection-oriented swimmers would perform best in relays.

"I don't want to run slower than my personal best time" is an example of

a mastery-avoidance goal

In the competence motivation theory, ______ and _________ influence perceived competence, which in turn influences affect and motivation.

feedback; motivational orientations

Advances in technology have started to use exergames to increase physical activity. Exergames are

video games that require participants to physically interact with the game

Achievement motivation can best be viewed as

a personality factor