1.1 What is the claim, evidence, and reasoning for the existence of a small, massive, positively charged nucleus?

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What is the claim for the existence of a small, massive, and positively charged nucleus?

Atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

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What is the evidence for the existence of a small, massive, positively charged nucleus?

Rutherford’s gold foil experiment, where most alpha particles passed through gold foil, but some deflected at larger angles.

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What is the reasoning for the existence of a small, massive, positively charged nucleus?

If positive charge were spread throughout the atom, alpha particles would have passed through with little deflection. Strong deflections indicated a dense, positively charged nucleus.

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