chapter 6 - food tech

unit 1

How did wheat production evolve in Australia?

Started in 1790 with hand tools. Key inventions: Stripper (1843), Stump-Jump Plough (1876), Combine Harvester (1884). Railways & fertilisers improved output. William Farrer bred rust- and drought-resistant wheat.

How has dairy changed over time?

Began with 9 cows (1788), grew with new breeds and factories. Cooperatives and refrigeration led to commercialisation. Brands like Devondale emerged.

How did meat production develop?

Sheep/cattle numbers grew fast. First frozen beef export (1879). Improved breeds, feedlots (1980s), and quarantine helped global meat trade.

How did chicken production grow?

From backyard to mass production in 1960s. KFC boosted demand (1968). Processing tech lowered cost and raised supply.

How did pig farming change?

Intensive systems from 1960s. Today, 89% of pigs come from large-scale farms. Pork is used for fresh cuts and smallgoods.

How did Indigenous people manage food?

Used firestick farming, seasonal harvesting, and sustainability to ensure food security and biodiversity.

Agriculture vs. Horticulture?

Agriculture = crops/livestock; Horticulture = fruits, veg, gardens.

Role of the Snowy Mountains Scheme?

Diverted water to dry areas, allowing inland fruit/veg farming.

How did transport help food production?

Railways moved grain; refrigeration enabled dairy/meat exports.

Impact of fertilisers & chemicals?

Boosted soil quality and crop yield; protected from pests/disease.

What is food processing?

Turning raw ingredients into food products (e.g. canning, freezing).

How did canning evolve in Australia?

Started in 1846 (meat); expanded with jam, fruit, wartime rations, and brands like Golden Circle.

Role of dairy cooperatives?

Farmers teamed up for processing/marketing. Led to big brands.

Key milk tech advances?

Electric cooling vats (1956), cheese slices, low-salt options.

Golden Circle’s impact?

Canned pineapple, beetroot, juices—expanded exports and year-round access.