Plate Boundaries and Plate Tectonics Review (Lesson 4)

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21 Terms

1
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asthenosphere

The lithosphere floats on this taffy-like layer of the mantle that slowly moves

<p>The lithosphere floats on this taffy-like layer of the mantle that slowly moves</p>
2
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oceanic crust

Denser part of crust that sits lower on the surface

<p>Denser part of crust that sits lower on the surface</p>
3
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continental crust

Less dense part of the crust sits above the oceans

<p>Less dense part of the crust sits above the oceans</p>
4
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Divergent Boundary

Lithospheric plates that are moving away from each other; ex. Mid-Atlantic Ridge

<p>Lithospheric plates that are moving away from each other; ex. Mid-Atlantic Ridge</p>
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Convergent Boundary

Lithospheric plates that are moving toward each other; ex. Himalayan Mountains

<p>Lithospheric plates that are moving toward each other; ex. Himalayan Mountains</p>
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Subduction

Movement of one Lithospheric plate under another

<p>Movement of one Lithospheric plate under another</p>
7
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Mid-Ocean Ridges

occur at divergent boundaries; build undersea mountains

<p>occur at divergent boundaries; build undersea mountains</p>
8
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Transform Boundary

Lithospheric plates that slide past each other; ex. San Andreas Fault

<p>Lithospheric plates that slide past each other; ex. San Andreas Fault</p>
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Continental mountains

form when 2 continental plates converge

<p>form when 2 continental plates converge</p>
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Volcanic islands

form when 2 oceanic plates converge

<p>form when 2 oceanic plates converge</p>
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Core

supplies heat energy for the process that causes earthquakes

<p>supplies heat energy for the process that causes earthquakes</p>
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Lithosphere

consists of crust and the upper mantle, broken into plates

<p>consists of crust and the upper mantle, broken into plates</p>
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Trenches

form as a result of converging lithospheric plates with oceanic and oceanic or continental and oceanic

<p>form as a result of converging lithospheric plates with oceanic and oceanic or continental and oceanic</p>
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Rift Valley

Low-lying area of land formed by diverging continental plates.

<p>Low-lying area of land formed by diverging continental plates.</p>
15
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Volcano

A vent or fissure in the Earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled

<p>A vent or fissure in the Earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled</p>
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Friction

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact

<p>A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact</p>
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Sir Francis Bacon

Noticed the continental margins looked like they would fit together.

<p>Noticed the continental margins looked like they would fit together.</p>
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Antonio Pellegrini

Identical fossils were found on continents separated by oceans. Thought a great flood created the oceans.

<p>Identical fossils were found on continents separated by oceans. Thought a great flood created the oceans.</p>
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Edward Suess

Scratches and gouges from glaciers line up along the boundaries of separate continents, along with fossil similarities. Thought large land bridges once existed and sank beneath the oceans.

<p>Scratches and gouges from glaciers line up along the boundaries of separate continents, along with fossil similarities. Thought large land bridges once existed and sank beneath the oceans.</p>
20
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Frank B. Taylor

Mountain ranges on distant continents line up. Gravity/tides pulled the continents apart towards the equator.

<p>Mountain ranges on distant continents line up. Gravity/tides pulled the continents apart towards the equator.</p>
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Alfred Wegener

"Continental Drift". Continents were once connected as a "super continent" (Pangaea). Over time it broke apart and drifted. Proved that continents move, but not able to explain "why?". (until the Plate Tectonic Theory emerged in the late-1960's)

<p>"Continental Drift". Continents were once connected as a "super continent" (Pangaea). Over time it broke apart and drifted. Proved that continents move, but not able to explain "why?". (until the Plate Tectonic Theory emerged in the late-1960's)</p>