Anatomy Unit 3

Neurons

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Cranial, Spinal Nerves & Gangllia

Sensory Nervous System

(Afferent) Carries intro & detects change in environment

Motor

(Efferent) Responds to info and initiates nerve impulse to react to change

Motor Somatic

Voluntary Contraction of skeleton

Motor Autonomic

Involuntary smooth & cardiac muscle

Sensory Somatic

Touch,pain, change in temp

Sensory Visceral

Involuntary mvmnt of blood vessels and organs

Dendrite

Recieves nerve impulses and carries it to the rest of the body

Axon

Transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body

Axon hillock

transmits impulses

What type of neuron is a motornueron

multipolar

What type of neuron is  sensory neuron

Unipolar

What type of neuron transmits sensory receptors to the CNS

sensory

What type of neuron transmits impulses to the muscles

motor

Nerve

Bundles of nerve fibers in PNS (white matter)

Tract

Bundles of nerve fibers within CNS (white matter)

White matter

Inner brain, sends signals quicker

Grey matter

outter brain, unmyelinated

Ganglia

Cell bodies in group

Action potential

Electrical signals that travel down axon

Dura mater

keeps brain in place

Dural sinus

drains blood

Arachnoid mater

loose fibrous tissue

Cerebral cortex

superficial gray matter

Frontal lobe

voluntary motor, personality, decisions, planning

Parietal lobe

sensory functions, processing, touch, balance

Occipital

Hearing and smell

Temporal

Visual info, stores memories

Isula

Emotional response

Primary motor cortex

Planning and exectuing voluntary movments

Premotor area

complex and repetitive movments

Primary somatosensory

Interprets touch, pina, pressure, temperature

Somatosensory

helps to determine shape,texture, pressue, feeling of object

Primary olfactory

sense of smell

Primary gustatoy area

sensation of taste

Prefrontal cortex

intellect, cognition

Motor speech

controls muscles for speech production

Wernikcke’s area

speech comprehension and association

Thalamus

Relays signals

Hypothalamus

Regulates body temp, emotional behavior

Cerebelllum

motor control os subconscious movement

Nerve

bundles of axons from nuerons

olefactory

sense of smell

optic

vision, sense of sight

Oculomotor Nerve

eyeball movement & eyelid muscles

Trochlear nerve

moves rectus eye muscles

Trigeminal nerve

Sensation of face & chewing muscles

Abducens

Controls lateral rectus eye muscles

Facial

Taste, face, tear and saliva glands

Vestibulocochlear

Auditory and Balance

Glossopharyngeal

Taste,swalling and saliva

Vagus

Sensation of organs

Hypoglossal nerve

tongue muscles, swallowing and talking

Clauda Equina

Nerve roots, extends to coccyx

Conus Medullaris

Where spinal cord tapers to an end

Filum Terminale

Thin stand of pia mater

Horn

Cell bodies & dendrites in spinal cord

Column

Bundles of myelinated fibers in spinal cord

Posterior white column

sends info to brain

Anterior and lateral white columns

Transmits info to / away the brain

Posterior gray horn

Sends info to/away brain

Posterior gray horn

sends infro to brain

Lateral gray horn

innervates cardiac muscle

anterior gray horn

innervates skeletal muscle

Autonomic

Involuntary muscle function 

Sympathetic Nervous System

Fight or Flight- prepares body for physical action

Parasympathetic

Rest and digest- controls involuntary bodily function, slows HR, lowers, BP and stimulates digestion

Long ganglionic

brainstem to ganglia

Short ganglionic

ganglia to tissue

Preganglionic cells

Cell in CNS to ganglia

Postganglionic cells

Cell in ganglia and body

Visceral

voluntray- controlled by somatic NS, acts on skeletal muscle

Somatic

involuntrary- controlled by autnomic NS, acts on smooth muscle and cardias

Viseral reflexes

Regulates internal organs to maintain a stable enviornment/homeostasis

Mechanoreceptors

Responds to touch and hearing

Thermoreceptors

Detects changes in temperature

Photoreceptors

Responds to light

Chemoreceptors

Percieves presence of taste and smell

Nocireceptors

Senses harmful stimuli like tissue injury

Sclera

covers posterior eye, protects eyes 

Cornea

allows passage of ligt

Choroid

Posterior dark brown mem, supplies blood

Iris

colored part that regulates amount of light being enetered with muscles

lens

allows precise focusing of light,

Aqueous humor

removes waste products

Vitreous humor

transmits light, holds lens and shape of eye

Rods

responds to dim light; peripheral vision

Cones

bright light, colored vision

Vestibule

balance and spatial orientation