Unit 4 Vocab

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Chemistry

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28 Terms

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Metalloids
________: elements that border the line between metals and nonmetals, usually shaded green.
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Inner transition metal
________: appear below the main body of the periodic table, characterized by f orbitals that contain electrons and generally also have electrons in highest occupied s sublevel.
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Anion
________: ion with a negative charge, always larger than atom it forms from.
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Nonmetals
________: elements in upper- right corner, most gases and a few solids (sulfur and phosphorous) and only bromine is liquid, poor conductors of heat and electric current (except carbon), often brittle and shatter if hammered.
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Halogens
________: Group 7A nonmetals, includes general class of compounds called salts, very reactive.
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Electronegativity
________: ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound, calculated using factors like ionization energy.
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Cation
________: an ion with a positive charge, always smaller than the atom it forms from.
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Transition metal
________: Group B elements that are usually displayed in main body of a periodic table (e.g.
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Ion
________: an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge, not neutral, formed when electrons are transferred between atoms.
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Periodic law
________: when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
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Noble gases
________: elements in Group 8A of periodic table, aka inert gases, quite stable and rarely in reactions (s and p sublevels completely filled)
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alkali metals
Group 1A metals
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alkaline earth metals
Group 2A metals
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anion
ion with a negative charge, always larger than atom it forms from
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atomic radius
one half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined, expresses size of atoms
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cation
an ion with a positive charge, always smaller than the atom it forms from
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electronegativity
ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound, calculated using factors like ionization energy
18
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halogens
Group 7A nonmetals, includes general class of compounds called salts, very reactive
19
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inner transition metal
appear below the main body of the periodic table, characterized by f orbitals that contain electrons and generally also have electrons in highest occupied s sublevel
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ion
 an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge, not neutral, formed when electrons are transferred between atoms
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ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom, measured when an element is in its gaseous state
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metalloids
elements that border the line between metals and nonmetals, usually shaded green
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metals
80% of the periodic table, good conductors of heat and electric current, high luster/sheen due to ability to reflect light, ductile, malleable, solid at room temperature except mercury (Hg)
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noble gases
elements in Group 8A of periodic table, aka inert gases, quite stable and rarely in reactions (s and p sublevels completely filled)
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nonmetals
elements in upper-right corner, most gases and a few solids (sulfur and phosphorous) and only bromine is liquid, poor conductors of heat and electric current (except carbon), often brittle and shatter if hammered
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periodic law
when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
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representative elements
elements in Groups IA-7A, so-called as they display a wide range of physical/chemical properties (metals, non-metals, or metalloids), most solids but few gases at room temperature and one (bromine) is liquid, s and p sublevels of highest occupied energy level are not filled
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transition metal
Group B elements that are usually displayed in main body of a periodic table (e.g