Unit 4 Vocab

Metalloids

Metalloids

________: elements that border the line between metals and nonmetals, usually shaded green.

Inner transition metal

________: appear below the main body of the periodic table, characterized by f orbitals that contain electrons and generally also have electrons in highest occupied s sublevel.

Anion

________: ion with a negative charge, always larger than atom it forms from.

Nonmetals

________: elements in upper- right corner, most gases and a few solids (sulfur and phosphorous) and only bromine is liquid, poor conductors of heat and electric current (except carbon), often brittle and shatter if hammered.

Halogens

________: Group 7A nonmetals, includes general class of compounds called salts, very reactive.

Electronegativity

________: ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound, calculated using factors like ionization energy.

Cation

________: an ion with a positive charge, always smaller than the atom it forms from.

Transition metal

________: Group B elements that are usually displayed in main body of a periodic table (e.g.

Ion

________: an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge, not neutral, formed when electrons are transferred between atoms.

Periodic law

________: when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

Noble gases

________: elements in Group 8A of periodic table, aka inert gases, quite stable and rarely in reactions (s and p sublevels completely filled)

alkali metals

Group 1A metals

alkaline earth metals

Group 2A metals

anion

ion with a negative charge, always larger than atom it forms from

atomic radius

one half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined, expresses size of atoms

cation

an ion with a positive charge, always smaller than the atom it forms from

electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound, calculated using factors like ionization energy

halogens

Group 7A nonmetals, includes general class of compounds called salts, very reactive

inner transition metal

appear below the main body of the periodic table, characterized by f orbitals that contain electrons and generally also have electrons in highest occupied s sublevel

ion

an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge, not neutral, formed when electrons are transferred between atoms

ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom, measured when an element is in its gaseous state

metalloids

elements that border the line between metals and nonmetals, usually shaded green

metals

80% of the periodic table, good conductors of heat and electric current, high luster/sheen due to ability to reflect light, ductile, malleable, solid at room temperature except mercury (Hg)

noble gases

elements in Group 8A of periodic table, aka inert gases, quite stable and rarely in reactions (s and p sublevels completely filled)

nonmetals

elements in upper-right corner, most gases and a few solids (sulfur and phosphorous) and only bromine is liquid, poor conductors of heat and electric current (except carbon), often brittle and shatter if hammered

periodic law

when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties

representative elements

elements in Groups IA-7A, so-called as they display a wide range of physical/chemical properties (metals, non-metals, or metalloids), most solids but few gases at room temperature and one (bromine) is liquid, s and p sublevels of highest occupied energy level are not filled

transition metal

Group B elements that are usually displayed in main body of a periodic table (e.g