Chem 115 Molecular Polarity and Hybridization

In a nonpolar molecule, the centers of positive and negative charge _____

coincide

In a nonpolar molecule, the vector sum of bond dipoles =

0

Nonpolar molecules have _______ molecular shape

highly symmetrical

In a polar molecule, the centers of positive and negative charge _______

do NOT coincide

In a polar molecule, the vector sum of bond dipoles =

nonzero

polar molecules have _______ molecular shape

asymmetric

Predict molecular polarity

1. Lewis structure

2. VSEPR

3. Look at symmetry or vector sum

Hybrid orbitals

orbitals centered on the same atom interact (mathematically combine) during bond formation to form new orbitals

Five types of hybrid orbitals

sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2

sp atomic orbitals

1s + 1p

sp hybridization has ___ hybrids, ____ geometry, with bond angles = ___

2, linear, 180

sp2 atomic orbitals

1s + 2p

sp2 has ___ hybrids, ____ geometry, with bond angles = ____

3, trigonal planar, 120

sp3 atomic orbitals

1s + 3p

sp3 has ___ hybrids, ____ geometry, with bond angles = ____

4, tetrahedral, 109.5

sp3d atomic orbitals

1s + 3p + 1d

sp3d has ___ hybrids, ____ geometry, with bond angles = ____

5, trigonal pyramidal, 90 and 120

sp3d2 atomic orbitals

1s + 3p + 2d

sp3d2 has ___ hybrids, ____ geometry, with bond angles = ____

6, octahedral, 90

The number of hybrids needed is ____ to the number of regions of e- density

equal