Rivalry with Spain #10

Early Spanish Netherlands

* 1563: Phillip stopped cloth trade with England from NL
* Elizabeth retalliated and stopped all trade with the NL
* Phillip was worried about the spread of Protestantism in the NL
* introduces the ^^**Spanish Inquisition**^^
* questioning under torture
* dutch protestants revolted in 1566
* in 1567 phil sent the Duke of Alba with 10 000 men to crush the rebellion
* he set up the **Council of troubles,** to enforce Spanish control, aka council of blood
* many dutch protestants fled to England
* Elizabeth didn’t want to interfere directly for fear of angering phil and starting a war
* she sheltered dutch rebels called **Sea Beggars**, knowing that they would go on to attack Spanish troops


* in 1568 Alba’s troops took refuge in an English port sheltering from the Sea Beggars, they were holding the Genoese Loan, she ==took it for herself==

Political and Religious Rivalry

* phillip was involved in ^^plots^^ to convert England back to catholicism
* Spanish had control in the Netherlands: **Duke of Alba** was sent by Phil to pacify a dutch protestant rebellion
* ^^executed^^ 5000 protestants
* smashed religious symbols
* Elizabeth saw the spanish as a threat to protestantism so she ==supported the rebellion==:
* encouraged privateers to attack spanish ships and colonies
* she offered the **Duke of Alencon** marriage if he fought the spanish
* building relationships with France
* the spanish began running out of money so couldn’t pay troops
* **The Spanish Fury**: 1576 spanish troops ransacked Antwerp against orders
* all 17 dutch provenences (cath + prot) united against the spanish and formed:
* **The Pacification of Ghent**: all spanish troops of the netherlands, end percecution of protestants, netherlands able to govern themselves
* Elizabeth gave £100 000 to ensure it was carried out

Political and Religious Rivalry

* he 1577 Phillip’s brother agreed to the P of G on his behalf
* Phil sent an army to NL, ^^breaking the terms^^
* Elizabeth hired an army under John Casimir
* his army destroyed catholic churches
* Elizabeth ==failed to act==
* the dutch catholics allied with the Spanish
* the Duke of Alencon was sent to fight the spanish instead
* the Duke of Parma took over the fight from Phil’s brother 1579, he was stronger than Phil’s brother
* 1580 Phillip gained control of Portugal
* 1582 Duke of Alencon returned to fight in the NL but failed
* 10th June 1584 **Duke of Alencon** died
* 10th July 1584 **William of Orange**, dutch protestant leader was ^^assassinated^^
* 1584 **Treaty of Joinville**→ french and spanish allied
* spanish strengthened their position in the NL and continued to persecute protestants
* 1585 elizabeth signed the treaty of nonsuch

Commercial Rivalry

* spain dominated central and south america and had trade routes through china and turkey
* spain had tobacco, sugarcane and silver
* NL was an **essential trade rout**e but it was ^^blocked^^ for the English
* england had no land in the New World but Spain refused to grant them a license to trade there
* Elizabeth ==encouraged Sea Beggars== to raid spanish ships
* Elizabeth encouraged privateers like Drake to raid Spanish colonies, Drake brought home **£40 000** of spanish silver and ==she knighted him==

War with Spain in the Netherlands 1585-87

* 1585: the **Treaty of Nonsuch**
* agreement between dutch protestants and elizabeth that she would interfere directly in the NL
* ==sent Robert Dudley in with **7400men**== and worked with the Council of state
* she hoped for negotiations rather than war so didn’t actually send her men in with enough resources
* **York and Stanley** defected to the spanish side
* **Leicester and Liz** had different aims→ Leicester wanted to liberate the dutch entirely but Liz just wanted them to have more rights (still under spanish control)

__Success:__

\~ slowed Parma and stopped him from getting any deep water ports like Ostend (hindered them in the Armada)

__Failure:__

\~ only cause Parma problems, didn’t actually stop him

__**Reasons**__

* she was never fully behind the rebels
* lack of stable leadership and strong aims
* rocky relationship with the rebels due to her lack of commitment

Cadiz

* Drake was sent to ==disrupt== the spanish preparation for the Armada
* **Singeing of the King of Spain’s Beard**
* 29th April 1587
* over 100 ships were taken/ destroyed and many supplies
* delayed the Armada by a year
* gave the english time to prepare
* annoyed phil