Chapter 11: Respiratory System

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.

What is the pathway of inhaled air?

Nose/mouth → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli.

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Alveoli.

What is ventilation?

Movement of air in and out of the lungs.

What is respiration?

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What is inspiration?

Breathing in.

What is expiration?

Breathing out.

What is dyspnea?

Difficulty breathing.

What is apnea?

Temporary absence of breathing.

What is tachypnea?

Abnormally rapid breathing.

What is bradypnea?

Abnormally slow breathing.

What is pulse oximetry?

Noninvasive measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2).

What is a generally normal SpO2 range?

95-100% for most healthy adults; interpret with patient condition and provider guidance.

What should the MA do if a patient has severe shortness of breath?

Notify provider immediately and activate emergency protocol/EMS as indicated.

What is asthma?

Chronic airway inflammation with bronchoconstriction causing wheezing and dyspnea.

What is COPD?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; airflow limitation often including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

What is pneumonia?

Infection/inflammation of lung tissue and alveoli.

What is tuberculosis transmission?

Airborne droplet nuclei.

What PPE/precaution is associated with suspected TB?

Airborne precautions and appropriate respirator (N95 or higher per policy).

What is spirometry used to measure?

Lung volumes and airflow, such as FEV1 and FVC.

What is the correct order for spirometry coaching?

Explain → seat/position patient → apply nose clip if used → seal lips around mouthpiece → inhale fully → blast exhale hard/fast/long → repeat for acceptable attempts → document.