Measuring Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health and Related Concepts (GRSG-G MCN 1 Lec Topic 1)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering family types, reproductive biology, menstrual health, contraception methods, and related public health concepts from the provided notes.

Family of Orientation

The family into which a person is born and raised; the family of origin.

Family of Procreation

The family one establishes through marriage or reproduction.

Dyad

A two-person family unit, typically a couple.

Cohabitation

Living together without formal marriage.

Nuclear Family

Two parents and their dependent children living together.

Polygamous Family

A family structure with more than one spouse.

Extended Family

A family that includes relatives beyond the immediate nuclear family (e.g., grandparents, aunts, uncles).

Single-Parent Family

A family with one adult caregiver raising children.

Blended Family

A family formed by remarriage that includes stepchildren.

Communal Family

A living arrangement where a group shares resources and responsibilities.

Foster Family

A family that provides temporary care for children not their own.

Adoptive Family

A family that adopts a child.

Gonad

An organ that produces sex cells (gametes).

Ovum

The female sex cell (egg).

Sperm

The male sex cell.

Puberty

The developmental period when secondary sexual characteristics appear; the hypothalamus acts as a gonadostat.

Gonadostat

Hypothalamic mechanism that regulates gonadotropin release based on sex steroid levels.

Testosterone

Male sex hormone produced by the testes (androgens); promotes muscular development, growth, and sebaceous gland activity.

Estrogen

Female sex hormone(s) secreted by ovarian follicles; includes estrone, estradiol, and estriol; drives female secondary sexual characteristics.

Androgen

Male sex hormones; testosterone is the primary androgen.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

Hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis in males and follicle development in females.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

Hormone that stimulates testosterone production in males and triggers ovulation in females.

Spermatogenesis

Production of sperm; begins at puberty.

Interstitial Cells (Leydig Cells)

Cells that produce androgens, especially testosterone.

Semen

Milky white, sticky mixture of sperm and secretions from accessory glands.

Epididymis

Duct where immature sperm mature and are stored temporarily.

Ductus Deferens

Tube that transports sperm during ejaculation; part of the spermatic cord.

Urethra

Tube carrying sperm (and urine) from the bladder to the exterior.

Scrotum

Pouch of skin and muscle housing the testes; suspended from the perineum.

Testes

Glands that produce sperm and testosterone; contain seminiferous tubules.

Seminal Vesicles

Glands at the base of the bladder that secrete seminal fluid to nourish and activate sperm.

Prostate Gland

Gland surrounding the upper part of the urethra that secretes fluid activating sperm.

Bulbourethral Glands

Glands that produce mucus to cleanse the urethra and lubricate during intercourse.

External Genitalia

Anatomy visible outside the body (e.g., penis, scrotum, labia).

Internal Genitalia

Gonads and internal reproductive organs (e.g., testes, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes).

Breast

Mammary glands associated with lactation in females.

Female Pelvis

Anatomical basin housing reproductive organs; supports pregnancy and childbirth.

Menstrual Bleeding

Periodic uterine bleeding in response to hormonal changes; about 30-80 ml per cycle; lasts ~4-6 days.

LMP (Last Menstrual Period)

The first day of the last menstrual cycle; used to calculate cycle dates.

Menarche

First menstrual period in girls; typically around ages 12–13.

Menopause

Cessation of the menstrual cycle.

Perimenopause

Transition period before menopause, roughly ages 40–55.

Postmenopause

Life stage after menopause when menstrual cycles have ceased.

Mittelschmerz

Pain associated with ovulation during the middle of the cycle.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstrual cramps.

Menorrhagia

Excessive menstrual bleeding.

Metrorrhagia

Bleeding at irregular intervals or between cycles.

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstrual periods.

Endometriosis

Condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain and fertility issues.

Sexual Response Cycle

Four-stage model of sexual response: Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, and Resolution.

Excitement

Initial physical and psychological arousal stage.

Plateau

Sustained arousal just before orgasm.

Orgasm

Brief, intense release of sexual tension; shortest stage of the cycle.

Resolution

Return to the unaroused state after orgasm.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

17 global goals with 169 targets to transform the world by 2030; led by the UN.

Essential Intrapartal and Newborn Care (EINC)

Evidence-based practices recommended during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and for newborn care.

RH Law (RA 10354)

Reproductive Health Law in the Philippines aiming for universal access to birth control, maternal care, and related services.

Reproductive Life Plan

A personal plan for if, when, and how to have children, including non-parenting options.

Temporary Methods

Birth control methods used for a limited time (natural and artificial).

Natural Abstinence

Choosing not to have sexual intercourse for health, moral, or other reasons.

Natural - Standard Days Method

Cycle-based natural method tracking fertility using CycleBeads; best for cycles 26–32 days.

CycleBeads

Beads used to track fertile and infertile days in the Standard Days Method.

Natural Cervical Mucus Method (Billings/Spinnbarkeit)

Fertility awareness method based on observing cervical mucus changes.

Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Method

Fertility awareness method using resting body temperature to detect ovulation.

Coitus Interruptus

Withdrawal method; withdrawing the penis before ejaculation to avoid pregnancy.

Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)

Postpartum contraception relying on exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months; highly effective when criteria are met.

Oral Contraceptives (Combined Pill)

Birth control pills containing estrogen and progestin taken daily.

Oral Contraceptives (Progesterone-only Pill)

Birth control pills containing only progestin, taken daily.

DMPA (Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate)

Long-acting injectable progestin given every 3 months to prevent ovulation.

Intrauterine Device (IUD) – Copper

T-shaped device placed in the uterus; copper disrupts sperm mobility and implantation.

Intrauterine Device (IUD) – Hormonal

IUD that releases hormones to reduce bleeding and prevent pregnancy.

Spermicide

Substance that kills sperm; used alone or with barrier methods.

Diaphragm

Barrier device placed over the cervix; must be fitted by a clinician and used with spermicides.

Cervical Cap

Smaller barrier device that covers the cervix; used with spermicides.

Sponge

Barrier and spermicide device placed in the vagina to cover the cervix.

Condom

Barrier method that reduces pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

Tubal Ligation

Permanent surgical sterilization for women by sealing the fallopian tubes.

Vasectomy

Permanent surgical sterilization for men by severing the vas deferens.

Infertility (Primary)

Inability to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse where no prior pregnancy has occurred.

Infertility (Secondary)

Inability to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse with a previous pregnancy.

Sterility

Inability to conceive due to a known medical condition.