Core Biology A Finals

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Biology

9th

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74 Terms

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Abiotic
Non living things
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Biotic
Living things
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Ecosystem
All non living and living things in the same area
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Biome
Large regions with similar abiotic and biotic factors
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Community
All populations living in the same area
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Population
A group of individuals, same species and same area
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Organism
An individual living thing
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Biosphere
All life on Earth including parts of Earth where life exists
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Producers
Autotrophs, organisms that produce food for themselves and other organisms
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Consumers
Heterotrophs, organism that cannot produce its own food and must eat other plants and/or animals to get energy
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Food chain
a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member
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Food web
a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
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Ecological pyramid
A graphical representation of the energy found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem, goes producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and third level consumers
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Denitrification
The microbial process of reducing nitrate and nitrite to gaseous forms of nitrogen
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Herbivores
An organism that mostly feeds on plants
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Carnivores
An organism that mostly feeds on animals/meat
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Omnivores
An organism that feeds on both plants and animals
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Decomposers
An organism that breaks down dead organic material
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Detritivores
An organism that feeds on dead organic material/obtains nutrients by consuming detritus
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Trophic level
A level or a position in a food chain, a food web, or an ecological pyramid
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Nitrogen fixation
A chemical process that converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is absorbed by organisms/how nitrogen gets out of air into living things
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Primary consumer
Those who obtain their nutrients and energy by feeding on the producers, make up the second trophic level
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Secondary consumer
Largely carnivores that feed on the primary consumers or herbivores
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Tertiary/third level consumer
Those that eats the secondary consumers, top of the trophic level
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Biomagnification
The increase in the buildup of toxins within substances that happens at each stage of the food chain
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Biodiversity
The diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat
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Habitat
The type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs
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Niche
The role an organism plays in a community
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Tolerance
Ability of an organism to endure unfavorable environmental conditions
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Resource
A substance or object in the environment required by an organism for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction
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Comptetition
A relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place
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Competitive exclusion principle
Two species can't coexist if they occupy exactly the same niche
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Predation
One organism kills and consumes another
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Herbivory
The consumption of plant material by animals
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Keystone species
An organism that helps hold the system together
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Symbiosis
Any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, such as mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism
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Mutualism
Association between organisms of two different species in which each benefits
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Parasitism
The relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it
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Commensalism
The relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it
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Immigration
The body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval
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Emigration
Migration from a place
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Birth rate
The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area
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Death rate
The ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area
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Exponential growth
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Logistic growth
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Carrying capacity
The carrying capacity of an environment is the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available
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Limiting factor
Anything that constrains a population's size and slows or stops it from growing
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Density-dependent limiting factor
Disease, competition, and predation
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Density-independent limiting factor
Any force that affects the size of a population of living things regardless of the density of the population
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Overcrowding
The condition where more people are located within a given space than is considered tolerable from a safety and health perspective
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Introduced species
Any nonnative species that significantly modifies or disrupts the ecosystems it colonizes
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Population density
The concentration of individuals within a species in a specific geographic locale
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Aerobic respiration
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates, DOES use oxygen
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Anaerobic respiration
The process of creating energy without the presence of oxygen, DOES NOT use oxygen
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Cellular respiration
The process by which food, in the form of sugar (glucose), is transformed into energy within cells
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Lactic acid fermentation
The conversion of pyruvic acid that forms as a result of glycolysis into Lactic acid
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Alcoholic (ethyl alcohol) fermentation
A biotechnological process accomplished by yeast, some kinds of bacteria, or a few other microorganisms to convert sugars into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
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ATP
The source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level
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Glucose
A type of sugar; the chief source of energy for living organisms
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Photosynthesis
The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar
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Chlorophyll
A pigment that gives plants their green color
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Chloroplast
A cell organelle that produces energy through photosynthesis
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Transpiration
Parts of the water cycle involving evaporation from plants/process of elimination of excess water from the plant body
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Eutrophication
Excessive nutrients
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What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
To convert energy into a form the cell can use
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What are PRODUCTS of cellular respiration?
Water, carbon dioxide, ATP
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What are REACTANTS in cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
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Which of the following correctly describes cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen are used to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water
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Why do cells need oxygen?
Without oxygen, cells couldn't produce enough ATP
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Which of the following describe ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Produces ATP, removes electrons from electron carrier molecules, takes place in the mitochondria, produces water
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Which of the following describe KREB'S CYCLE
Produces ATP, adds electrons to electron carrier molecules, takes place in the mitochondria, produces carbon dioxide
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Which of the following describe GLYCOLYSIS
Produces ATP, adds electrons to electron carrier molecules, takes place in the cytosol, converts glucose to a different molecule, is anaerobic
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Energy is released from ATP when
The third phosphate group is removed
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ADP is converted to ATP using energy from
Food