Chapter 5 - Energy and Change

Nuclear binding energy

: energy associated with the strong force that holds a nucleus together.

Specific Heat Capacity (C)

: amount of energy needed to raise temperature of one gram of substance 1 celsius or 1 kelvin.

Nuclear binding energy

: energy associated with the strong force that holds a nucleus together.

Specific Heat Capacity (C)

: amount of energy needed to raise temperature of one gram of substance 1 celsius or 1 kelvin.

Natural gas

is around 37 % efficiency.

Thermochemistry

: the study of energy involved in chemical reactions.

Enthalpy of vaporization

, ∆Hvap: the enthalpy change for the phase change from liquid to gas.

Thermodynamics

: a study of energy and energy transfer.

mc2E

C2= 9.0 × 1016 m2 /s2 and E= is energy in kg • m2 /s2 (J) is the mass in kgc2 is the square of the speed of light.

nuclear reactions

In , a significant amount of the mass of the reactants is actually converted into energy.

Calorimeter

: measure enthalpy changes for chemical and physical reactions.

Enthalpy changes

represent the heat change between products and reactants at a constant temperatureShould be open to atmosphere.

Thermochemical equation

: a balanced chemical equation that indicates the amount of heat that is absorbed or released by the reaction it represents (in kJ)

Heat capacity

(C): heat of sample, object, or system to its change in temperature.

Nuclear fission

: A heavy nucleus undergoing split into lighter nuclei which releases energy.

Enthalpy, H

total internal energy of a substance at constant pressure.

Renewable

: solar energy can give a constant source of energy.

Enthalpy increases

as energy are absorbed in an endothermic reaction.

Exothermic reaction

: net release of energy-)

Nuclear fusion

: two smaller nuclei fusing to form a larger nucleus Chapter 5.2: Determining Enthalpy of Reaction by Experiment.

Mass defect

: difference in mass between a nucleus and its nucleons.

Enthalpy change

is independent of the pathway of the process and the number of intermediate steps in the process.