Management and Human Resource Administration (PART. II)

organizational behavior theories

refer to the study of human behavior in a business environment

1. scientific management theory

2. human relations management theory

3. X & Y management theory

the major theories of organizational behavior (3):

Fredrick Winslow Taylor

pioneered the scientific management theory

scientific management theory

one of the oldest management theories, this particular branch came to be known as Taylorism; he believed that encouragement alone wasn't sufficient to motivate employees and boost productivity, the procedure for carrying out tasks needed simplification and employees needed direction to perform better

Elton Mayo

a psychologist that developed the human relations theory

human relations management theory

it developed as a response to the scientific management theory; he believed that humans are complex beings who have unique needs and expectations. multiple factors influence employee motivation and workplace behavior, organizations need to focus on social and psychological needs as well; in addition to monetary incentives, healthy group dynamics and recognition of efforts are essential in driving workplace productivity

Douglas McGregor

a management professor who proposed the X & Y management theory

X & Y management theory

a theory that suggested that there are two aspects of human behavior at work

1. trait theory

2. behavioral theory

3. contingency theory

leadership theories in organizational behavior (3):

trait theory

the theory suggests that leaders have innate qualities or traits that help them excel; such people are born with intelligence, accountability, creativity, and responsibility

behavioral theory

this theory shifted the focus from innate traits to the behaviors and actions of leaders; effective leadership is the result of skills acquired over time, therefore, an individual can learn to become a good leader

contingency theory

this theory states that there isn't one way of leading people; it recognizes the importance of various factors that influence a particular situation, a good leader considers those factors and adjusts their leadership style accordingly

management

involves setting goals and then working with people to achieve them

administration

is the process of managing the details; this includes planning, organizing, and controlling resources

leadership

is the process of influencing people to accomplish desired objectives, this involves high-level strategy and motivating and guiding people to achieve results

organizational chart

shows the internal structure of an organization or company

- organization charts

- org charts

- organograms

- organogram charts (sometimes spelled organigrams or organigrammes)

- hierarchy charts

organizational charts are also known as (5):

Daniel McCallum (1815-1878)

in 1855, a railway general superintendent designed what is thought to be the first modern organizational chart

- hierarchical org chart

- matrix org chart

- flat org chart

3 main type of org charts:

hierarchical org chart

this is the most common type, where one group or person is at the top, while those with less power are beneath them, in the shape of a pyramid

matrix org chart

this is usually only seen when individuals have more than one manager

flat org chart

this type has little or no levels of middle management and typically consists of two levels: the top administrators and the workers

horizontal org chart

flat org chart is sometimes referred to as

- organizational and supervisory communication

- restructuring

- workforce planning

- resource planning

- genealogy

uses of org charts (5):

organizational and supervisory communication

helping employees know who reports to whom, or helping people get to know each other across the organization

restructuring

switching roles in a team to better utilize everyone's talents

workforce planning

figuring out the details of a new hiring initiative

resource planning

reducing inefficiencies by rearranging roles

genealogy

a family tree is really just a type of org chart

1. define your purpose and scope

2. gather the information

3. remember to gather contact info, photos, and whatever else you might plan to use

3. determine what platform you plan to use to build your chart, and how you plan to display it

5. plan for ongoing updates to the chart

how to plan and draw a basic organizational chart/organogram (5):

Alexi Gavrielatos

Core values, Mission, Vision, and Goals: The Building Blocks of Success posted at 19 Sep in Culture by

mission statement

indicates what your company actually does, the aim and objectives of the company are stated here; therefore, it should paint a short and clear image of the company's overarching goals and direction; needs to be concise, specific, and easy to remember

vision statement

outlines the organization's long-term intentions and objectives; it should motivate and direct staff members to realize their full potential and work hard to meet the organization's goals

mission statement

outlines the primary reason for the organization's existence and the steps it will take to realize its vision

vision statement

describes the long-term goals or desired future state of an organization

core values

are values which tend to support an organization's vision, reflect its true values, and shape its culture; defines your organization's beliefs, principles, and the philosophy behind the values