cna chapter 5

Infections acquired in health care settings during the delivery of medical care

Healthcare-associated infection

Occurs when pathogens invade the body and multiple

infection

Methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease

Infection prevention

An infection that is limited to a specific location in the body

Localized infection

A living thing that is only visible under a microscope

Microorganism/microbe

A harmful microorganism

Pathogen

An infection that is in the bloodstream and has spread throughout the body

Systemic infection

Which link from the chain of infection is broken by wearing gloves, thus preventing the spread of disease

Mode of transmission (a way for the disease to spread)

The following are necessary links in the chain of infection. By getting a vaccination shot for hepatitis B, which link will a person affect to prevent him from getting this disease?

Susceptible host (person who is likely to get the disease)

Which of the following is the primary route of disease transmission within healthcare settings?

The hands of healthcare workers

In what type of environment do microorganisms grow best?

In a warm, moist place

True or False? \n Following Standard Precautions means treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected

true

True or False? \n Under Standard Precautions, body fluids do not include saliva

false

True or False? \n A nursing assistant can usually tell if someone is infectious just by looking at him

false

True or False? \n A nursing assistant should wash her hands before donning (putting on) gloves

true

True or False? \n A nursing assistant should carefully recap used syringes before putting them in a container

false

True or False? \n Giving mouth care is one task that requires a nursing assistant to wear gloves

true

True or False? \n A mask and protective goggles may need to be worn when emptying a bedpan

true

True or False? \n Waste that contains blood can be disposed of in the regular trash can

false

Standard precautions should be practiced...

on every single person under a nursing assistant's care

Which of the following is true of Transmission-Based Precautions?

They are practiced in addition to Standard Precautions

How should sharps, such as needles, be discarded?

Sharps should be placed in biohazard containers

The occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a federal government agency that protects workers from

hazards on the job

A nursing assistant (NA) will come into contact with microorganisms

every time the NA touches something

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines hand hygiene as

Hand washing with soap and water and using alcohol based hand scrubs

Alcohol-based hand rubs are used

In addition to washing with soap and water

Why should a nursing assistant not wear artificial nails to work?

They harbor bacteria and increase risk of contamination

How long should a nursing assistant use friction when lathering and washing her hands

20 seconds

Tasks that nursing students are required to were gloves for

contact with body fluids \n When the NA may touch blood \n Assisting with Perineal care \n Assisting with mouth care \n Shaving a resident

What type of personal protective equipment may be needed when caring for a resident with a respiratory illness?

Mask and goggles

What type of personal protective equipment is used most often by caregivers?

gloves

How many times can a gown be worn before it needs to be discarded

one time

If blood or body fluids may be splashed or sprayed into the eye area, proper protection for the eyes is

goggles

What is the order for donning (putting on) PPE?

1. Gown
2. Mask
3. Goggles
4. Gloves

What is the correct order for doffing (removing) PPE?

1. Gloves
2. Goggles
3. Mask
4. Gown

In health care, objects that have not been contaminated with pathogens

are clean

In health care, objects that have been contaminated with pathogens

Dirty

A process that kills pathogens, but does not destroy all pathogens

disinfection

Only to be used once and then discarded

disposable

A measure that destroy all microorganisms, including pathogens

Sterilization

How many times can disposable equipment be used before it needs to be discarded?

One time

How should dirty linen be rolled or folded?

Dirty area is inside

Dirty linen should be

\
\
\

carried away from the NA's uniform

True or False? \n A nursing assistant does not need to wear gloves to clean up a very small spill

False

True or False? \n Disinfectant should be placed directly on the spilled fluid before absorbing and removing the fluid

False

True or False? \n A nursing assistant should use her hands to pick up large pieces of broken glass and use a broom and dustpan for smaller pieces

False

True or False? \n Waste containing blood or body fluids should be disposed on in the resident’s trash can and the housekeeping department should be notified

False

True or False? \n An absorbing powder may be used to absorb the spill before removing it

True

True or False? \n An absorbing powder may be used to absorb the spill before removing it

True

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) Transmission can occur with skin-to-skin contact during transfers or bathing

Contact

Contact

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n Used when there is a risk of spreading or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person

Contact

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n Used to guard against tuberculosis and chickenpox

Airborne

According to OSHA, employers must give all employees, residents, and visitors____to use when needed

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

\

Which of the following does OSHA consider a significant exposure

NA is stuck by a needle

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n Covering the nose and mouth with a tissue when a person sneezes or coughs and washing hands immediately after sneezing are parts of these precautions

Droplet

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n Helps prevent the spread of Clostridium difficile and bacteria conjunctivitis

Contact

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n Used when the microorganisms do not stay suspended in the air and travel only short distances (normally not more than three feet)

Droplet

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n Microorganisms can spread by coughing, sneezing, talking, laughing, or suctioning

Droplet

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n Helps prevent the spread of illnesses transmitted through the air

Airborne

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n Helps protect against transmission of mumps

Droplet

(Contact, Airborne, Droplet Precaution) \n May require the use of a special mask, such as an N95 or HEPA mask

Airborne

Transmission-Based Precautions are used

in addition to standard precautions

Dedicated equipment refers to

Equipment that is used by only one resident

The Bloodborne Pathogens Standards is a federal requirement which states that

Healthcare employers must have a written exposure control plan designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious material

Employers must offer a free vaccine to protect nursing assistants from

Hepatitis B

Why is it important for an employee to report any potential exposures immediately?

to protect the employee's health and the health of others

Tuberculosis is

An airborne disease

Which if the following is true if wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) while caring for residents in isolation

Nursing assistant should remove PPE after exiting a residents room

How does the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect the body

It weakens the immune system so that the body cannot fight infection

Which of the following is true of hepatitis B (HBV)

HBV can be transmitted through blood or needles that are contaminated with the virus

In health care, the most common way to be infected by a blood borne disease is

Contact with infected blood or certain body fluids

Blood borne diseases can be transmitted by

Infected blood entering the bloodstream

When a resident is in isolation

She needs to feel that her feelings are understood by care team members

Someone with latent TB infection

Cannot infect others

Cannot infect others

A person with TB disease

Can infect others

Tb disease is more likely to develop in people

Who have weakened immune systems

True or False? \n Once vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is established, it is relatively easy to get rid of it

False

True or False? \n Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcicus aureus (MRSA) is almost always spread by direct contact

True

The word resistant in multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) means that

Medications can no longer kill the specific bacteria

True or False? \n MRSA can be spread through indirect contact by touching objects contaminated by a person with MRSA

True

True or False? \n Hand washing will not help control the spread of MRSA

False

True or False? \n Increasing the use of antibiotics helps lower the risk of developing C. difficile diarrhea

False

True or False? \n Hand washing and proper handling of contaminated wastes can help prevent clostridium difficile (C.diff)

True

True or False? \n Hand washing and proper handling of contaminated wastes can help prevent clostridium difficile (C.diff)

True

True or False? \n Frequent hand washing can help prevent the spread of VRE

True

True or False? \n VRE causes life threatening infections in people with compromised immune systems

True

True or False? \n Both hand sanitizers and washing hands with soap and water are considered equally effective when dealing with C. difficile

False

Employer/Employee? \n Immediately report any exposure of infection, blood, or body fluids.

Employee

Employer/Employee? \n Provide personal protective equipment for use and train how to properly use it.

Employer

Employer/Employee? \n Follow all facility policies and procedure

Employee

Employer/Employee? \n Take advantage of the free Hepatitis B vaccination

Employee

Employer/Employee? \n Provide continuing in-service education on infection prevention

Employer

Employer/Employee? \n Establish infection prevention procedures and an exposure control plan

Employer

Employer/Employee? \n Follow resident care plans and assignments

Employee

Employer/Employee? \n Provide free Hepatitis B vaccinations

Employer

Employer/Employee? \n Use provided personal protective equipment as indicated or as appropriate

Employee

Employer/Employee? \n Participate in continuing in-service education programs covering infection prevention

Employee