Exam 1 Review: Management Information Systems and Databases

data redundancy

The existence of duplicate data in a database.

data inconsistency

Discrepancies in data due to multiple sources or versions.

difficulty in data sharing

Challenges faced when trying to access and share data across different systems.

limited security

Insufficient measures to protect data from unauthorized access.

MIS

Management Information System. Structured system that collects, processes, stores, and distributes info to support decision-making and operations.

Mainframe computers

Allow modification during use. Used for database operations (inventory, reservations, bank records), enterprise resource planning.

Client-server networks

Data storage, backups, printing, communication, etc can all serve the customer/employee's need.

Cloud computing

Accessing computer resources through the internet, enabling sales and inventory tracking across entire retail chains.

Transaction processing systems

Info system that handles business transactions. Captures, stores, modifies, and retrieves data.

Point-of-sale systems

Track sales and provide info, relationships, & bookkeeping. Integrate multiple devices. Thermal printer (receipts) and speaker.

Decision Support systems

Help managers make informed decisions by analyzing data and presenting actionable insights.

Supply chain management

Sourcing raw materials to delivering products to customers. They increase efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure timely delivery.

Marketing Information Systems (MKIS)

Collect, analyze, and manage data related to marketing activities, customers, and market trends to support decision-making in marketing strategy.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Integrate core business functions and processes across an organization into a unified system, enhancing visibility and streamlining operations.

Employee Scheduling

Work shifts based on expected demand, employee availability, compliance with labor laws.

Human Resource Systems

Automate and manage HR functions including recruiting, hiring, payroll, benefits management and streamlining administrative tasks and improving employee management.

Learning management

Manage, deliver, and track educational content and training programs within organizations, facilitating employee development and compliance training.

relational database

Organize data into tables based on structured data groupings. Use relationship links. Tables hold info about data, stored in rows called records and columns called fields.

Fields

Individual pieces of information in a database.

Records

Complete sets of related data in a database.

DBMS

Database management system. Computer program that is used to create, process, and administer a database.

Data Integrity

Reliable, accurate, aligned with goals of organization.

Domain integrity

Data entered into a field adheres to predefined rules and constraints.

Entity integrity

Every table has a primary key and each row is uniquely identifiable.

Referential integrity

Maintains consistency between tables with relationships, via foreign keys.

User-defined integrity

Custom business rules to enforce specific data requirements.

Data Centralization

Data stored in one place.

Relational databases

Organize data into tables based on structured data groupings. Uses foreign keys. Stored in fields, common field creates relationship.

Query

Requests info from a table in a database.

SQL

Structured Query Language. Standard language for database interaction.

Entity Relationship

ERD (entity-relationship diagrams) are used to design relational databases.

Entities

The things entered into the database, like 'Student', 'Faculty', and 'Staff'.

Relationships

How entities interact with each other. One-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many.

Attributes

Data points that are stored for each entity. Primary (unique identifier) or foreign (links primary key) keys.

Primary key

Uniquely identifies each row within a single table. This is the auto-assigned number.

Foreign key

A key that refers to another primary key, linking data within a table.

Normalization

Structuring data and tables in order to reduce redundancy.

Denormalization

Combines data from multiple tables into a single table to increase retrieval speed.

Big data

Encompasses all of the analysis tools and processes related to applying and managing large volumes of data.

Volume

Scale.

Variety

Different forms.

Veracity

Uncertainty.

Velocality

Analysis of streaming data.

Business Intelligence

Technologies, computer applications, and procedures for the collection, analysis, and presentation of business info.

Data warehouses/marts

Repository of data and info that organizations analyze to make informed business and operational decisions.

Data redundancy

Duplication of data.

Decreased data inconsistency

Improvement in data reliability and accuracy.

Increased data security

Enhanced protection of data against unauthorized access.