Exhaustive Study Guide: Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods

What is the general morphology of Bacillus species?

Large, 'chunky' rectangular rods.

What is the pathogenesis of Cutaneous Anthrax?

It makes up approximately 99% of cases, is typically non-lethal, and is characterized by a large, nasty sore with a black center of dying tissue called an eschar.

What treatment options are available for Bacillus anthracis?

Primary treatment includes Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline; other options are Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol.

What are the virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis?

Protective Antigen (PA), Edema Factor (EF), and Lethal Factor (LF).

What laboratory identification technique is used for Bacillus anthracis?

On blood agar, Bacillus anthracis appears light gray or white, non-hemolytic, and exhibits a 'medusa head' appearance.

What is the characteristic appearance of Nocardia species under Gram stain?

Beaded appearance that can resemble cocci but with distinct branching.

What is the main clinical significance of Listeria monocytogenes?

Common cause of food poisoning that primarily affects newborns, the elderly, and pregnant women.

What is a key treatment option for infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

Ampicillin or other penicillins, or macrolides.