ramps of the on

Chicano Mural Movement

Began in the 1960s in Mexican-American barrios throughout the Southwest. Artists began using the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture.

Cezar Chavez

American farm worker of Mexican descent, a labor and civil rights leader who co-founded the NWA.

Civil Disobedience

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.

Counter Culture

A culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture.

Dolores Huerta

taught farmworkers how to become citizens and how to vote; earned more money to buy food and clothing for them; worked with Cesar Chavez to form the National Farm Workers Association

Equal Rights Amendment

constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender

Freedom Rides

a series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961

Greensboro sit-ins, 1960

nonviolent protest against a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., that began on Feb. 1, 1960. Its success led to a wider sit-in movement, organized primarily by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), that spread throughout the South. The sit-in was organized by Ezell Blair, Jr., Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, and David Richmond—all African Americans and all students at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University in Greensboro. Influenced by the nonviolent protest techniques of Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr.

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

students whose purpose was coordinate a nonviolent attack on segregation and other forms of racism

United Farm Workers

organization of migrant workers formed to win better wages and working conditions led by Cesar Chevez

The Warren Court

the chief justice that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in Brown v. Board of Education (1954); he was the first justice to help the civil rights movement, judicial activism

Woodstock

3 day rock concert in upstate N.Y. August 1969, exemplified the counterculture of the late 1960s, nearly 1/2M gather in a 600 acre field

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Lyndon B. Johnson

signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

Cambodian Campaign

series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia during mid-1970 by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War

Détente

A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon.

Imperial Presidency

President is seen as emperor taking strong actions without consulting Congress or seeking its approval

Oil Embargo and Crisis

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations.

Pardoning by President Ford

SALT

negotiations between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics opened in 1969 in Helsinki designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons

Silent Majority

A phrase used to describe people, whatever their economic status, who uphold traditional values, especially against the counterculture of the 1960s

Southern Strategy

Nixon's plan to persuade conservative southern white voters away from the Democratic party

Watergate

The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment.

Camp David Accords

A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel

Crisis of Confidence Speech

Speech given by President Carter on July 15, 1979, saying that the U.S. had lost unity of purpose and to become a more energy secure nation.

Iran Hostage Crisis

In November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage. The Carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages release. On January 20, 1981, the day Carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 444 days in captivity.

SALT II

Additional arms limitations signings in 1979 which places limits on long-range missiles, bombers and nuclear warheads.

Stagflation

a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)

Iran-Contra Affair

(RR) Americans kidnapped in Beirut by Iranian govt, so deal, scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected, Poindexter and North involved

Moral Majority

"Born-Again" Christians become politically active. The majority of Americans are moral people, and therefore are a political force.

New Left

Coalition of younger members of the Democratic party and radical student groups. Believed in participatory democracy, free speech, civil rights and racial brotherhood, and opposed the war in Vietnam.

"New Morning"

A new morning drive radio show is looking for a way to get attention in its market with a series of outrageous stunts.

PATCO Strike (1981)

Strike by the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization to which Reagan responded by firing all controllers not back to work within 48 hours (Taft-Hartley Act) and were banned from federal employment for life; ban lifted by Clinton in 1993, severely decreased union membership

Reaganomics

The federal economic polices of the Reagan administration, elected in 1981. These policies combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side tax cuts, and domestic budget cutting. Their goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth.

Strategic Defense Initiative

Popularly known as "Star Wars," President Reagan's SDI proposed the construction of an elaborate computer-controlled, anti-missile defense system capable of destroying enemy missiles in outer spaced. Critics claimed that SDI could never be perfected.

Patriot Act

This law passed after 9/11 expanded the tools used to fight terrorism and improved communication between law enforcement and intelligence agencies

9/11

Terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon; led to a focus on eliminating terrorism.