KAMSC Biomedical Sciences: Respiratory System

True/False: All human beings release a similar amount of oxygen from their hemoglobin.

False

True/False: Asthma results from a histamine reactions to some allergen that causes the bronchi to constrict.

True

True/False: Alveolar macrophages eat viruses and bacteria that may involve the alveoli.

True

True/False: The lung is a muscle that moves air in and out of the body.

False

True/False: During external respiration, the blood picks up CO2 from the body cells and drops off O2 for the body cells.

False

True/False: Certain people are adapted to high altitude living because their bodies are used to more air pressure and more oxygen content in the atmosphere.

False

During exhalation, which of these statements is true? Mark all that apply:

* diaphragm goes up
* diaphragm drops
* thoracic cavity increases
* thoracic cavity decreases
* trachea becomes rigid

diaphragm goes up, thoracic cavity decreases

Which of these are factors affecting the amount of oxygen released by hemoglobin? Mark all that apply.

* temperature
* capillary size
* blood viscosity
* genetics or adaptations
* acidity

temperature, genetics or adaptations, acidity\`\`

Which of the following is true about respiration? Mark all that apply.

* air will rush from high to low pressure
* the lungs cause pressure differences in the thoracic cavity
* air will always rush from low to high pressure
* the diaphragm causes pressure differences in the thoracic cavity

air will rush from high to low pressure, the diaphragm causes pressure differences in the thoracic cavity

Air would flow into the lungs along the following route:

trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

The trachea is lined with

* goblet cells
* cartilage
* pseudostratified ciliated columnar
* mucous membrane
* all of these

all of these (goblet cells, cartilage, pseudostratified ciliated columnar, mucous membrane)

When the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract

the volume of the thorax increases

What branches from the trachea?

primary bronchi

Which of these is considered the "voice box"?

larynx

What is the purpose of the epiglottis?

prevent food and drink from entering the trachea

At the level of the alveoli, where does gas exchange occur?

across the respiratory membrane

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

* larynx
* alveoli
* bronchi
* bronchioles
* oropharynx

oropharynx

\n Identify Structure 19

trachea

Identify Structure 8

epiglottis

Identify Structure 7

oropharynx

Alveoli contain surfactant producing cells. What is the purpose of surfactant?

keeps alveoli from collapsing

The respiratory mucosa of the conducting airways consist of

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Which respiratory organ features a cardiac notch?

both the left lung and left primary bronchus

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

simple squamous epithelium

What is the relationship between the pressures at Label 8?

P outside < P inside

What is the relationship between the pressures at Label 3?

P outside > P inside

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

movement of air into and out of the lungs

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by the hemoglobin into peripheral tissues?

* increased tissue PO2
* decreases temperature
* decreased amounts of hemoglobin
* decreased pH
* none of these are correct

decreased pH

Which of the following DOES NOT help keep air passages clean?

* alveolar macrophages
* cilia in the upper and lower respiratory tracts
* mucous
* capillaries in the nasal cavities
* nostril hairs

capillaries in the nasal cavities

Absorption of O2 from blood and release of CO2 from tissue cells is known as

internal respiration

The vocal folds are located within the

larynx

The right lung has ______; the left lung has ______.

three lobes; two lobes

During inhalation, which of the following statements is true?

The thoracic cavity pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure

The respiratory defense system is important for all of the following reasons except

* helping warm the air
* providing gas exchange
* keeping out pathogens
* helping filter the air
* keeping out debris

providing gas exchange

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

bicarbonate ions

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

pharynx

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the

trachea

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

lobes of the lungs

During internal respiration, which of the following statements is true?

* capillaries deliver O2 to cells and take up CO2
* pulmonary capillaries deliver blood to the lungs
* hemoglobin takes up O2 and distributes to the body
* O2 is inhaled and CO2 is exhaled

capillaries deliver O2 to cells and take up CO2

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

bound to hemoglobin

During quiet or non-laboring breathing, what muscle or muscles are active?

diaphragm and intercostals