CPT-264-Test 3

When companies acquire web-based software as a(n) _____, they can limit in-house involvement to a minimum.

Service

_____ is the transfer of information systems development, operation, or maintenance to an outside firm that provides these services, for a fee, on a temporary or long-term basis.

Outsourcing

_____ is a percentage rate that compares the total net benefits received from a project to the total costs of the project.

Return on investment (ROI)

When companies use a _____, they already know the specific products or service they want and need to obtain price estimates or bids from vendors.

request for quotation (RFQ)

_____ is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

Cloud computing

If a software package is purchased, consider a _____, which offers additional support and assistance from the vendor.

supplemental maintenance agreement

A(n) _____ is a firm that delivers a software application, or access to an application, by charging a usage or subscription fee.

application service provider

A _____ is a document that describes a company, lists the IT services or products needed, and specifies the features required.

request for proposal (RFP)

True/False: A logical design defines what must take place, not how it will be accomplished. Logical designs do not address the actual methods of implementation.

True

True/False: Moving IT work overseas raises even more issues, including potential concerns about control, culture, communication, and security.

True

True/False: A physical design is like a set of blueprints for the actual construction of a building.

True

True/False: You never create both a logical and a physical design for the same project.

False

True/False: Compared with software developed in-house, a software package is almost always more expensive.

False

True/False: Mission-critical IT systems should be outsourced only if the result is a cost-attractive, reliable business solution that fits the company’s long-term business strategy and involves an acceptable level of risk.

True

True/False: Outsourcing also can raise numerous issues including security, confidentiality, quality, insurance, potential liability, licensing, information ownership, warranties, and disaster recovery.

True

True/False: Outsourcing is the risk free approach since someone else does the work.

False

True/False: Cost-benefit analysis determines how long it takes an information system to pay for itself through reduced costs and increased benefits. 

False

True/False: Typically, a physical design describes the actual processes of entering, verifying, and storing data; the physical layout of data files and sorting procedures; the format of reports; and so on.

True

_____ protects privacy rights and shields an organization’s proprietary data from theft or unauthorized access.

Output security

A _____ language feature allows users to type commands or requests in normal text phrases.

natural

A(n) _____ is a data validation rule that should be applied to mandatory data items.

existence check

Interface designers can obtain data, called _____, by using software that can record and measure user interaction with a system.

usability metrics

A(n) _____ is a data validation rule that can be used for data items that must have certain values.

validity check

An input _____ is a template or pattern that restricts data entry and prevents errors.

mask

To produce a control break report, the records must be arranged, or sorted, in _____.

control field order

A(n) _____ produces one or more lines of output for each record processed.

detail report

True/False: Sensitive data can be encrypted, or coded, so only users with decoding software can read it.

True

True/False: To create an attractive user interface layout and design, when the user enters data that completely fills the field, the data must move automatically to the next field.

False

True/False: Email is becoming an outdated means of internal and external business communication. 

False

True/False: The totals zone of a source document contains any required signatures. 

False

True/False: Prototypes and mock-ups can be used to obtain feedback throughout the design process.

True

True/False: Every page in a report should include a page header, which appears at the top of the page and includes the column headings that identify the data.

True

True/False: A natural language feature requires users to type commands or requests in programming code using a set of instructions and symbols. 

False

True/False: A combination check is a data validation rule that tests to ensure that a data item fits the required data type.

False

True/False: Human-computer interaction (HCI) describes the relationship between computers and the people who use them to perform their jobs.

True

True/False: An interface designer does not need to understand the underlying business functions or how the system supports individual, departmental, or enterprise goals.

False

The data mining technique that relies on association rule learning is often called _____.

market basket analysis

A _____ controls database operations, including storing, retrieving, updating, and deleting data.

data manipulation language

_____ is the process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access to the data.

Encryption

One type of validity check, called _____, is a set of rules that avoids data inconsistency and quality problems.

referential integrity

A table is in _____ if it does not contain a repeating group.

first normal form

Typically, a database management system is managed by a person called a _____, who assesses overall requirements and maintains the database for the benefit of an entire organization rather than a single department or user.

database administrator

In an entity-relationship diagram, entities are commonly represented as _____.

rectangles

A(n) _____ is a graphical model of an information system that depicts the logical relationships and interaction among system entities.

entity-relationship diagram (ERD)

True/False: A common field is an attribute that appears in only one entity.

False

True/False: A repeating group is a set of one or more fields that can occur only once in a single record, with each occurrence having the same value.

False

True/False: Three main types of relationships can exist between entities: a one-to-one relationship, abbreviated 1:1; a one-to-many relationship, abbreviated 1:M; and a many-to-many relationship, abbreviated M:N.

True

True/False: A subschema is a view of the database used by one or more systems or users. 

True

True/False: College course numbers usually are assigned using a block sequence code.

True

True/False: In a table or file, each column represents a record and each row represents a field.

False

True/False: Cipher codes distinguish items by using a series of subgroups of digits.

False

True/False: To resolve potential database connectivity and access problems, companies use ODBC-compliant software that enables communication among various systems and DBMSs. 

True

True/False: A schema is a set of letters or numbers that represents a data item.

False

True/False: The basic elements of logical storage are alphabetic or numeric characters, such as the letter A or the number 9.

True

In a typical system design specification, the _____ section describes the constraints, or conditions, affecting a system, including any requirements that involve operations, hardware, systems software, or security.

system environment

_____ describes the actual network cabling and connections.

Physical topology

A new system might have to interface with one or more _____, which are older systems that use outdated technology.

legacy systems

A(n) _____ provides access for customers, employees, suppliers, and the public.

corporate portal

_____ is the amount of data that can be transferred in a fixed time period.

Bandwidth

In a client/server architecture, just as processing can be done at various places, data can be stored in more than one location using a _____.

distributed database management system (DDBMS)

Many companies are extending internal enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to their suppliers and customers, using a concept called _____.

supply chain management (SCM)

_____ is the measure of a system’s ability to expand, change, or downsize easily to meet the changing needs of a business enterprise.

Scalability

True/False: A web-based application encounters all of the connectivity and compatibility problems that typically arise when different hardware environments are involved.

False

True/False: Security is especially important when data or processing is performed at a centralized facility, rather than at remote locations.

False

True/False: In a bus network, a single communication path connects the central server, departmental servers, workstations, and peripheral devices. 

True

True/False: Early computer systems were designed to handle data records individually. 

False

True/False: A server is a computer that supplies data, processing services, or other support to one or more computers, called clients. 

True

True/False: Although many factors influence the decision to build or buy, the most important consideration is the total cost of ownership (TCO). An accurate forecast of TCO is critical, because nearly 80% of total costs occur after the purchase of the hardware and software, according to Gartner, Inc. An IT department can develop its own TCO estimates or use TCO calculation tools offered by vendors. 

True

_____ is the process of reviewing program code to spot logic errors, which produce incorrect results.

Desk checking

_____ requires that a software supplier document all testing and maintain records of test results.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Access to the operational environment is limited to _____ and must strictly be controlled.

users

A _____ consists of related program code organized into small units that are easy to understand and maintain.

module

Structured application development usually involves a(n) _____, which proceeds from a general design to a detailed structure.

top-down approach

Many organizations require a more formal type of desk checking called _____.

a structured walk-through

During _____, programmers must test programs that interact with other programs and files separately before they are integrated into the system.

unit testing

In a structure chart, a control couple shows a message, also called a(n) _____, which one module sends to another.

status flag

During _____, existing data is loaded into the new system.

data conversion

True/False: Agile projects use various iterative and incremental models.

True

True/False: Data conversion is easier when a new system replaces a manual system because all data can be entered manually, unless it must be scanned.

False

True/False: The post-implementation evaluation of a system verifies that the new system meets specified requirements, complies with user objectives, and produces the anticipated benefits.

True

True/False: Program documentation describes the system’s functions and how they are implemented. 

False

True/False: Podcasts can be prescheduled, made available on demand, or delivered as automatic updates, depending on a user’s preference.

True

The _____ is the configuration of a system documented at the beginning of the project and consists of all necessary system requirements and design constraints.

functional baseline

In addition to benchmark testing, performance measurements, called _____, can monitor the number of transactions processed in a given time period, the number of records accessed, and the volume of online data.

metrics

_____ includes monitoring a system for signs of trouble, logging all system failures, diagnosing the problem, and applying corrective action.

Fault management

_____ measures risk likelihood and impact.

Risk assessment

A _____ is an internal or external entity that could endanger an asset.

threat

A _____ is a security weakness or soft spot.

vulnerability

A(n) _____ is an attack that takes advantage of a vulnerability.

exploit

_____ measures actual system performance under specific circumstances and is affected by network loads and hardware efficiency.

Throughput

True/False: Backup media can include tape, hard drives, optical storage, and online storage.

True

True/False: Preventative maintenance adds new capability and enhancements.

False

True/False: In a secluded engineering attack, an intruder uses social interaction to gain access to a computer system.

False

True/False: Retention periods of backups can be a specific number of months or years, depending on legal requirements and company policy.

True

True/False: Mitigation shifts the risk to another asset or party, such as an insurance company.

False

What is capacity planning? Include an explanation of what-if analysis in your answer.

Capacity planning is a process that monitors current activity and performance levels, anticipates future activity, and forecasts the resources needed to provide desired levels of service.