Age of Revolution Study Guide

What did John Locke believe about natural rights?

He believed people have natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

What should governments do according to John Locke?

Governments should protect people's natural rights.

What can people do if the government fails to protect their rights?

People can rebel against the government.

What was Montesquieu's belief regarding government powers?

He believed in separating government powers into three branches.

What is the purpose of checks and balances according to Montesquieu?

Checks and balances prevent any branch from gaining too much power.

What were the Three Estates in French society?

The First Estate was clergy, the Second Estate was nobility, and the Third Estate was common people.

Which estate paid most taxes in France?

The Third Estate paid most taxes.

What was the Reign of Terror?

A period from 1793 to 1794 led by Robespierre where thousands were executed.

Who was executed during the Reign of Terror?

Thousands, including King Louis XVI, were executed.

What tool was commonly used for executions during the Reign of Terror?

The guillotine.

Who became the Emperor of France after the French Revolution?

Napoleon Bonaparte.

What was one major action taken by Napoleon?

He expanded French territory through war.

What happened to Napoleon after he lost power?

He was exiled.

Who was Simón Bolívar?

He was known as 'The Liberator' and led independence movements in South America.

What was Simón Bolívar’s goal?

He wanted to unite South America but ultimately failed.

Who led a successful slave revolt in Haiti?

Toussaint L’Ouverture.

What significant achievement did Toussaint L’Ouverture accomplish?

He helped Haiti become the first free black nation.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact labor?

Machines replaced manual labor, increasing production.

What was a major consequence of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?

Cities grew quickly, leading to poor living conditions.

What did the Factory System replace?

It replaced small workshops.

What was the condition of child labor during the Industrial Revolution?

Children worked for low wages in dangerous jobs.

What did John Locke argue about government legitimacy?

Governments must protect natural rights to be legitimate.

What was one major effect of the French Revolution?

The end of the monarchy.

What inspired changes during the French Revolution?

Enlightenment ideas.

What did the Third Estate demand?

They demanded change due to unfair treatment.

How did Napoleon's actions influence Latin American independence?

His invasion of Spain weakened Spanish control, allowing for independence movements.

What characterized the Industrial Revolution in terms of economy?

It shifted economies from farming to factories.

What was a significant social consequence of the Industrial Revolution?

It created poor working and living conditions.

What contributed to the spread of revolutionary ideas during the French Revolution?

Inequality and Enlightenment ideas contributed to revolutionary thought.

What did the rise of factories lead to in society?

It increased production but often created unsafe working conditions.

What can be said about the living conditions during urbanization?

They became crowded and unsanitary.

What pair of revolutions were influenced by Enlightenment ideas?

The American and French Revolutions.

What did the Factory System enforce on workers?

Strict schedules and unsafe working conditions.

What movement did Toussaint L’Ouverture's actions heavily influence?

The Haitian Revolution.

What outcome did Simón Bolívar seek for South America?

Independence and unification of South America.